BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probe for Peroxynitrite Detection and Imaging in Living Cells

Abstract

A fluorescent probe, HKGreen-2, has been developed based on a specific reaction between ketone and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). This probe is highly sensitive and selective for the detection of peroxynitrite not only in abiotic but also in biological systems. With this probe, we successfully detected peroxynitrite generated in murine macrophage cells activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This new probe will be a useful tool for studying the roles of peroxynitrite in biological processes.

Targeting reactive nitrogen species: a promising therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

“…With this probe, we discovered endogenous ONOO -generation in oxygen-glucose-deprived cortical neurons [128] . Based on the first generation of HKGreen-1, several modified probes have been produced [129,130] . These modified probes aim to act as peroxynitrite scavengers with the potential to protect ischemic brains from the ONOO --mediated injury.…”

Aggregation induced emission (AIE) active β-ketoiminate boron complexes: Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties

“…The crude product obtained was purified by column chromatography using silica gel to give 7a (1.8 g, 57%) as a M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D 3.00 (s, 6H). 13 …”

“…Boron complexes, mainly boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes [6][7][8][9] are the most important types of fluorescent dyes due to their outstanding optical properties such as, high fluorescence quantum yields, extinction coefficients, sharp absorption and fluorescence emission spectra. BODIPY dyes are extensively used as a chemosensors [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], in the biolabeling [17,18], in dye-sensitized solar cells [19,20] and photodynamic therapy [21,22]. However, their use as an electroluminescent material is restricted due to their small stokes shifts which leads to self-quenching [23,24].…”

Detection of Peroxynitrite in Plants Exposed to Bacterial Infection

“…The detection mechanism is based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and the probe has been used successfully to measure peroxynitrite generated in activated murine macrophages [ 10 ]. We therefore established a photometric assay using HKGreen2 that allowed us to monitor the dynamic levels of peroxynitrite in Arabidopsis thaliana plants challenged with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”