Bodcau In Situ Combustion Project. Final report, June 1976-June 1982

Dean, Donna M.

doi:10.2172/6638816

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The combination of appropriate catalysts and hydrogenative processing conditions results in heavy crude oil upgrading that is substantially improved over prior laboratory or field attempts. − In these prior attempts at least one of the necessary processing ingredients, thermal energy, a hydrogen source, catalysts, or efficient oil-catalyst contacting, was absent. We have shown that a correctly deployed combination of ingredients is effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been some attempts reported at in-situ upgrading, taking advantage of the fact that simple thermal processing of crude oil can result in upgrading through visbreaking or thermal cracking , A process employing in-situ combustion and heat transfer to upgrade oil, after a soak period, has been described . Injection of hydrogen or hydrogen precursors in addition to a heat source has also been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Down-Hole Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oil

Weissman¹,

Kessler²,

Sawicki³

et al. 1996

Energy Fuels

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Several processing options have been developed to accomplish near-well-bore in-situ upgrading of heavy crude oils. These processes are designed to pass oil over a fixed bed of catalyst prior to entering the production well, the catalyst being placed by conventional gravel pack methods. The presence of brine and the need to provide heat and reactant gases in a down-hole environment provide challenges not present in conventional processing. These issues were addressed and the processes demonstrated by use of a modified combustion tube apparatus. Middle-Eastern heavy crude oil and the corresponding brine were used at the appropriate reservoir conditions. In-situ combustion was used to generate reactive gases and to drive fluids over a heated sand or catalyst bed, simulating the catalyst contacting portion of the proposed processes. The heavy crude oil was found to be amenable to in-situ combustion at anticipated reservoir conditions, with a relatively low air requirement. Forcing the oil to flow over a heated zone prior to production results in some upgrading of the oil, as compared to the original oil, due to thermal effects. Passing the oil over a hydroprocessing catalyst located in the heated zone results in a product that is significantly upgraded as compared to either the original oil or thermally-processed oil. Catalytic upgrading is due to hydrogenation and results in about a 50% sulfur removal and an 8°API gravity increase. Additionally, the heated catalyst was found to be efficient at converting CO to additional H 2 . While all of the technologies needed for a successful field trial of in-situ catalytic upgrading exist, a demonstration has yet to be undertaken.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down-Hole Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oil

Weissman¹,

Kessler²,

Sawicki³

et al. 1996

Energy Fuels

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“…The characteristics of doped-tialite-zirconia compositions, after sintering in air are given in Table 3. The materials made from pure monolithic Al 2 TiO 5 have a very low strength at room temperature (typically bellow 10 MPa) [9]. The dispersion of 5% or 10% partially stabilised zirconia and 3 % MgO, overcome this important limitation in tialite matrix, improving the mechanical strength (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A TUR -4 diffractometer with Cu K α radiation and a Shimadzu IR spectrometer were used for phase analysis. The particle size distribution of the powders was determined by using a laser granulometer (dm) and the Fischer method (d 50 ) [9] (Table 1). The sintering density was measured by the hydrostatic method.…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Thermal Shock Resistant Aluminium Titanate Type Ceramics

Volceanov¹,

Gurban²,

Volceanov

et al. 2004

KEM

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Microstructure control is a critical issue facing manufacturers of advanced ceramics. Secondary phases, introduced to improve sintering, have become increasingly important in controlling the average grain size and grain-size distribution of the major phase. The effect of ZrO 2 addition (1, 5, 10 % by weight) on tialite type, binary TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 compositions were investigated at 1550 o C. The influence of CeO 2 , MgO and Nd 2 O 3 on the thermal shock resistance, mechanical strengths, open porosity, bulk density, and microstructure have been studied. Dilatometric analysis, Fourier Transform -Infrared analysis (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) used to study both phase transformation and sintering processes. The addition of ZrO 2 improves the thermal shock resistance of tialite compositions (> 40 reversals of heating at 900 o C followed by rapid cooling in water).

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