‘Board’ out of my skull: penetrating skull fracture from a surfboard nose

Goodship, Jonathan; Roberts, Helen; Caldow, Darren; Aldred, Mark

doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-227678

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Dimnick et al argued that the etiology of this injury is greatly determined by the use of leg ropes which tend to be too short and thus constrain the movement of the board in the water [89]. In addition, there is a single individual cases study that documents an impact in the upper parietal [96].…”

Section: Surfingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbans vs. Helmets: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature on Head Injuries and Impact Loci of Cranial Trauma in Several Recreational Outdoor Sports

Spennemann

2021

Sports

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When in public, faith-based mandates require practising Sikh men to wear a turban which may not be covered by hats or caps. This makes it impossible for practising Sikhs to wear helmets and other protective headwear, mandatory in many countries and facilities for engagement in recreational pursuits (e.g., skiing) and on adventure outdoor recreation camps mandatorily run for school groups. The result is often social exclusion and ostracisation in the case of school children. Despite studies into the efficacy of protective helmets in some recreational outdoor activity settings, virtually nothing is known about the protective potential of turbans. This paper systematically reviews the extant literature on head injuries in several recreational outdoor activities and sports sectors (aerial, water, winter, wheeled and animal-based sports) and finds that the extant literature is of limited value when trying to understand the spatial distribution of trauma on the cranial surface. As the data do not permit to make inferences on the protective potential of turbans, future systematic, evidence-based epidemiological studies derived from hospital admissions and forensic examinations are required. Failure to do so perpetuates social exclusion and discrimination of religious grounds without an evidentiary basis for defensible public health measures.

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Section: Surfingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbans vs. Helmets: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature on Head Injuries and Impact Loci of Cranial Trauma in Several Recreational Outdoor Sports

Spennemann

2021

Sports

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“…Hairline cracks, which are one type of cranial fracture, are a common trauma of the skull [1] that can occur even under small external loads or impacts. Hairline cracks are often observed after a fall or collision or as a result of contact sports [2] and may also be caused by child abuse or domestic violence [3,4]. These different causes of cranial fracture produce different mechanical loads, but it can be difficult to determine the cause of a fracture because the relationship between the hairline crack pattern and the mechanical loading conditions has not been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of relationship between loading condition and cranial cracking pattern using a three-dimensional finite element model

Kiriyama

Sato

Muramatsu

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background A hairline crack on the cranium can occur even under a small external load or impact and are thus often observed in patients who have experienced an accidental fall or collision. Typical finite element analysis is useful to analyze the stress concentration or the propagation of stress waves. However, a stress propagation model does not accurately reproduce the features of hairline cracks on the cranium. The objective in this study was to reproduce cranial hairline cracks. Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of the cranial bone was developed from a patient CT images. The model consists of the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal bones, and the bones are connected with the sutures. Additionally, the model comprised three layers; the external and internal tables and the diploe. The model was analyzed using the extended finite element method (X-FEM), and a forming limit diagram (FLD) was embedded in the model. In this study, the model was symmetrized bilaterally using the model developed from the left side of the skull. The FLD in this study was assumed to be a relationship between the maximum and minimum strains when a fracture occurs. A total of 13 typical loadings were applied to the model: loading points on the top, left, and back of the cranium were considered, and at each loading point, loads were applied with four or five different directions, namely perpendicular to the cranium and inclined in the anterior, posterior, superior, or inferior at an angle of 45∘. Results Under all loading conditions, many small cracks formed radially at the loading points. Moreover, some large cracks formed under the certain loading conditions. The crack shapes on the top and left side could be associated with the specific loading directions, whereas cracks on the back did not show distinguishing characteristics depending on the loading directions. The present model was reproduced anatomically and morphologically, and the results were similar to those obtained in previous cadaver experiments. Conclusions Through X-FEM analysis of the FE model embedded with an FLD, hairline cracks in the cranium were reproduced, and a few crack shapes were identified as potential markers for estimating the loading conditions.

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‘Board’ out of my skull: penetrating skull fracture from a surfboard nose

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Turbans vs. Helmets: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature on Head Injuries and Impact Loci of Cranial Trauma in Several Recreational Outdoor Sports

Turbans vs. Helmets: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature on Head Injuries and Impact Loci of Cranial Trauma in Several Recreational Outdoor Sports

Analysis of relationship between loading condition and cranial cracking pattern using a three-dimensional finite element model

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