Boar sperm cytoplasmic droplets: Their ultrastructure, their numbers in the epididymis and at ejaculation and their removal during isolation of sperm plasma membranes

Kaplan, Mohammed; Russell, Lonnie D.; Peterson, R. N.; Martan, Jan

doi:10.1016/0040-8166(84)90063-6

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…According to other reports [5,13], the percentages of cauda epididymal spermatozoa without the droplet are 27.5 and 33% in boars and goats, respectively, which are higher than those obtained in this study. It has been reported that the droplet can be artificially shed from an epididymal spermatozoon or disintegrated by rough procedures, smearing of sperm samples before the fixation [10] and changes in the pH of the sperm suspension [14].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…By contrast, it has been reported that more than 90% of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis have a droplet each in bulls [9], goats [10] and boars [11]. Data concerning the percentage of ejaculated spermatozoa with the droplet have been reported in boars [5,11] and goats [10]. To our knowledge, however, there are no available reports on timerelated changes in the rates after ejaculation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The droplet contains many vesicles, fine curved tubules and various enzymes, though its role in sperm functions has been unclear [2][3][4][5]. In many mammals, the droplet migrates to the distal region of the middle piece during sperm transit through the epididymis [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of Shedding and Disintegration of Cytoplasmic Droplets from Boar and Goat Spermatozoa.

et al. 1996

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Abstract. The timing of shedding and disintegration of cytoplasmic droplets from boar and goat spermatozoa was determined. More than 90% of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis and ductus deferens had a droplet each at the distal region of the middle piece in both species. In boars, the droplets were still observed in 97% of spermatozoa immediately after ejaculation. After 1 min of ejaculation, however, the percentage of spermatozoa without the droplet greatly increased to 65%, with no significant changes thereafter. Moreover, most of the free droplets shed from spermatozoa had already disappeared after 1 min of ejaculation. In goats, most spermatozoa (90%) had no droplet even immediately after ejaculation, and the rate of free droplets remaining in the semen was 63%. However, within 2 min of ejaculation, the rate of free droplets remaining in the semen dropped to 8%. These results indicate that shedding of cytoplasmic droplets from boar spermatozoa and their disintegration occur within 1 min after ejaculation. They also suggest that droplets are shed from most of goat spermatozoa during their transit through the urethra and/or immediately after ejaculation, and that their disintegration occurs within a few minutes after ejaculation. Key words: Cytoplasmic droplet, Spermatozoa, Boar, Goat.(J. Reprod. Dev. 42: [237][238][239][240][241] 1996) Accepted for publication: August 11, 1996 Correspondence: S. Kato he cytoplasm of a spermatid is absorbed by Sertoli cells during spermiation. The remnant of gion of the epididymis and then are excluded from the lumen by epithelial phagocytosis. By contrast, it has been reported that more than 90% of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis have a droplet each in bulls [9], goats [10] and boars [11]. Data concerning the percentage of ejaculated spermatozoa with the droplet have been reported in boars [5,11] and goats [10]. To our knowledge, however, there are no available reports on timerelated changes in the rates after ejaculation. In the present study, the timing of shedding and disintegration of cytoplasmic droplets from boar and goat spermatozoa was determined.T the cytoplasm, known as the "cytoplasmic droplet", is located on the neck of the spermatozoon [1]. The droplet contains many vesicles, fine curved tubules and various enzymes, though its role in sperm functions has been unclear [2][3][4][5]. In many mammals, the droplet migrates to the distal region of the middle piece during sperm transit through the epididymis [6]. The results obtained in brushtailed possums [7] and rats [8] suggest that droplets are shed from many spermatozoa in the distal re-

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Timing of Shedding and Disintegration of Cytoplasmic Droplets from Boar and Goat Spermatozoa.

et al. 1996

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“…The sperm CD is composed of cytosol and organelle-derived membranes, which are thought to be the remnants of Golgi and possibly other spermatid organelles degraded during the final stages of spermiogenesis (Oko et al 1993). The CD of mammalian spermatozoa is approximately 2 mm in diameter (Kaplan et al 1984), and in most mammalian species is believed to be removed from the sperm midpiece during epididymal passage or after ejaculation. Although observed to a varied degree in most other mammals, CD retention on the sperm midpiece is the most frequent abnormality in ejaculated boar spermatozoa in boars of poor fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

15-Lipoxygenase is a component of the mammalian sperm cytoplasmic droplet

Fischer¹,

Leyen²,

Lovercamp³

et al. 2005

Reproduction

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Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of enzymes capable of peroxidizing phospholipids. A member of the LOX family of enzymes, 15-LOX, participates in the degradation of mitochondria and other organelles within differentiating red blood cells, the reticulocytes. The present study provides biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of 15-LOX in the sperm cytoplasmic droplet (CD). Testicular, epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa were evaluated for the presence of 15-LOX using an affinity-purified immune serum raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of rabbit reticulocyte 15-LOX. Western blotting revealed an appropriate single band of ,81 kDa in boar spermatozoa but not in boar seminal plasma. When ejaculated boar spermatozoa were subjected to separation on a 45/90% Percoll gradient, 15-LOX co-migrated with the immotile sperm and cellular debris/CD fractions, but not with the motile sperm fraction containing morphologically normal spermatozoa without CDs. Varied levels of 15-LOX were expressed in ejaculated sperm samples from boars with varied semen quality. By immunofluorescence, prominent 15-LOX immunoreactivity was found within the residual body in the testis and within the CDs from caput, corpus and cauda epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. Components of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway, which is thought to facilitate both spermiogenesis and reticulocyte organelle degradation, were also detected in the sperm CD. These included ubiquitin, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase PGP 9.5, and various 20S proteasomal core subunits of the a-and b-type. The 15-LOX and various components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were also detected in sperm CDs of other mammalian species, including the human, mouse, stallion and wild babirusa boar. We conclude that 15-LOX is prominently present in the mammalian sperm CD and thus may contribute to spermiogenesis, CD function or CD removal. Reproduction (2005) 130 213-222

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“…The cytoplasmic droplet was first described by Retzius in 1909 as being a portion of germ cell cytoplasm that remains attached to the neck region of elongating spermatids. In most species, the cytoplasmic droplet migrates along the midpiece from the neck to annulus and is transiently retained by spermatozoa as they migrate through the epididymis (Cooper and Yeung, 2003), while in others it remains on the spermatozoa in the epididymis and is not shed until the time of ejaculation (Cooper, 2005, Harayama, et al, 1996, Kaplan, et al, 1984, Larsen, et al, 1980). The precise function of this residual cytoplasm remains elusive although its retention beyond ejaculation is associated with poor sperm function.…”

Section: Spermatogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

More Than a Simple Lock and Key Mechanism: Unraveling the Intricacies of Sperm-Zona Pellucida Binding

Redgrove¹,

Aitken²,

Nixon³

2012

Binding Protein

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Boar sperm cytoplasmic droplets: Their ultrastructure, their numbers in the epididymis and at ejaculation and their removal during isolation of sperm plasma membranes

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Timing of Shedding and Disintegration of Cytoplasmic Droplets from Boar and Goat Spermatozoa.

Timing of Shedding and Disintegration of Cytoplasmic Droplets from Boar and Goat Spermatozoa.

15-Lipoxygenase is a component of the mammalian sperm cytoplasmic droplet

More Than a Simple Lock and Key Mechanism: Unraveling the Intricacies of Sperm-Zona Pellucida Binding

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