BMI Development and Early Adolescent Psychosocial Well-Being: UK Millennium Cohort Study

Kelly, Yvonne; Patalay, Praveetha; Montgomery, Scott; Sacker, Amanda

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0967

Cited by 49 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We aim to establish a clearer picture of the longer-term effects of the mealtime environment and bedroom screens, by investigating their association with different developmental patterns of overweight and obesity over an extended period of time. Across early to middle childhood, we expect to find groups of children at high or increasing risk of overweight and obesity, in addition to children maintaining a healthy weight [20][21][22][23][24]. We hypothesise that bedroom screens and informal mealtime settings will both be associated with membership of higher-risk overweight and obesity trajectories.…”

Section: Bedroom Screen Accessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Do bedroom screens and the mealtime environment shape different trajectories of child overweight and obesity? Research using the Growing Up in Scotland study

2019

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Objective To investigate how mealtime setting, mealtime interaction and bedroom screens are associated with different trajectories of child overweight and obesity, using a population sample. Methods Growth mixture modelling used data from children in the Growing Up in Scotland Study born in 2004/5 (boys n = 2085, girls n = 1991) to identify trajectories of overweight or obesity across four time points, from 46 to 122 months. Using data from children present at all sweeps, and combining sexes (n = 2810), mutually adjusted associations between primary exposures (mealtime setting, mealtime interaction and bedroom screens) and trajectory class were explored in multinomial models; controlling for early life factors, household organisation and routines, and children's diet patterns, overall screen use, physical activity and sleep. Results Five trajectories were identified in both sexes: Low Risk (68% of sample), Decreasing Overweight (9%), Increasing Overweight (12%), High/Stable Overweight (6%) and High/Increasing Obesity (5%). Compared with the Low Risk trajectory, High/Increasing Obesity and High/Stable Overweight trajectories were characterised by early increases in bedroom screen access (respective relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals: 2.55 [1.30-5.00]; 1.62 [1.01-2.57]). An informal meal setting (involving mealtime screen use, not eating in a dining area and not sitting at a table) characterised the High/Increasing Obesity and Increasing Overweight trajectories (respective RRRs compared with Low Risk trajectory: 3.67 [1.99-6.77]; 1.75 [1.17-2.62]). Positive mealtime interaction was associated with membership of the Increasing Overweight trajectory (RRR 1.64 [1.13-2.36]). Conclusion Bedroom screen access and informal mealtime environments were associated with higher-risk overweight and obesity trajectories in a representative sample of Scottish children, after adjusting for a wide range of confounders. Findings may challenge the notion that positive mealtime interaction is protective. Promoting mealtimes in a screen-free dining area and removing screens from bedrooms may help combat childhood obesity.

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Section: Bedroom Screen Accessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Do bedroom screens and the mealtime environment shape different trajectories of child overweight and obesity? Research using the Growing Up in Scotland study

2019

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“…The health-related behaviours identified in this study are all known risk factors for mental illhealth. [12][13][14]17 In some instances the increasing trends in risky health behaviours such as decreasing sleep times, increasing weight, and perceived overweight status might help explain the increasing mental health difficulties experienced by adolescents. Where the trends are moving in opposite directions (substance use, antisocial behaviours), the interpretation becomes more complicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Office for National Statistics reports collected from secondary school pupils in England have found prevalence of alcohol use, smoking, cannabis use and other drug use among 14 year old pupils have consistently fallen since 1982 when the survey was first undertaken. 11 For example, in 1982 16% of 14 year olds described themselves as regular smokers. In 2014 this had fallen to just 4%, and the drop was consistent across genders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This decrease in use has become particularly pronounced since the early 2000s. 11 Given that various health behaviours including but not limited to substance use are implicated in risk for poor mental health, [12][13][14][15][16][17] investigating the relationships between these secular trends is important to explore causal relationships, the aetiology of mental ill-health, and potentially to inform interventions to try and reverse the increasing prevalence of mental health problems. It is therefore surprising that to date there has been little attempt to combine investigations of secular trends in mental health with changes in health related behaviours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also know little about trends in other health related behaviours such as sleep, risky sexual behaviour, body satisfaction and physical activity that might also be causal risk factors for mental ill-health and substance use. [12][13][14][15][16][17] In the current study we use two cohorts of UK adolescents born a decade apart (1991/92 and 2000/02) in order to identify secular trends in mental health, considering both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and a number of related health behaviours including substance use, sleep behaviours, weight, physical and sexual activity. In particular we attempt to make the variables and datasets as comparable as possible by harmonizing the variables and performing two different techniques (propensity score matching and entropy balancing) to increase the comparability of the cohorts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in millennial adolescent mental health and health related behaviours over ten years: a population cohort comparison study

Patalay

Gage

2018

Preprint

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Background: There is evidence that mental health problems are increasing and substance use behaviours are decreasing. This paper aimed to investigate recent trends in mental illhealth and health-related behaviours in two cohorts of UK adolescents in 2005 and 2015. Method: Trends in harmonised mental ill-health (depressive symptoms, self-harm, antisocial behaviours, parent reported difficulties) and health related behaviours (substance use, weight, weight perception, sleep, sexual intercourse) were examined at age 14 in two UK birth cohorts; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N=5627, born 1991-92) and Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, N=11318, born 2000-02). Prevalences and trend estimates are presented unadjusted and using propensity score matching and entropy balancing.Results: Depressive symptoms (9% to ~15%) and self-harm (11.8% to ~14.5%) increased over the 10 years. Parent-reported emotional difficulties, conduct problems, hyperactivity and peer problems were higher in 2015 compared to 2005 (5.7 -9% to 9 -18%).Conversely, substance use (tried smoking 9% to 3%; tried alcohol 52% to ~43%, cannabis 4.6% to ~4%), sexual activity (2% to ~1%) and anti-social behaviours (6.2 -40.1% to 1.6 -28%) were less common or no different. Adolescents in 2015 were spending less time sleeping, had higher BMIs and a greater proportion perceived themselves as overweight. Conclusion:Given health-related behaviours are often cited as risk-factors for poor mental health, our findings suggest relationships between these factors might be more complex and dynamic in nature than currently understood. Striking increases in mental health difficulties, BMI and poor sleep related behaviours highlight an increasing public health challenge.

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Comorbidity, Codevelopment, and Temporal Associations Between Body Mass Index and Internalizing Symptoms From Early Childhood to Adolescence

Patalay

Hardman

2019

JAMA Psychiatry

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IMPORTANCE Obesity and internalizing mental illness begin in childhood, have common risk factors, and are leading causes of disease burden. OBJECTIVES To examine the comorbidity, codevelopment, and temporal precedence in body mass index (BMI) and internalizing symptoms from early childhood to midadolescence and to investigate the sex differences and socioeconomic confounding in their association. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This longitudinal study used data on individuals from the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative, prospective birth cohort study in the United Kingdom of more than 19 000 individuals born from September 1, 2000, to January 11, 2002, who were assessed to date at the ages of 9 months and 3, 5, 7, 11, and 14 years. Data from 17 215 participants (88.21% of full cohort sample) with socioeconomic information in early childhood and BMI or internalizing symptoms during at least 1 assessment from 3 to 14 years of age were included in the present study. Data analysis was performed from May to November 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes were BMI estimated from objectively measured height and weight and internalizing symptoms assessed using parental reports. Three measures of socioeconomic position were controlled for: parent educational level, occupational status, and equivalized family income. RESULTS Among the 17 215 participants (8394 [48.8%] female), obesity and internalizing problems were not more likely to co-occur in early childhood (odds ratio [OR] at 3 years, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.69-1.50), whereas at 11 and 14 years of age, they were more likely to co-occur (OR at 11 years, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.38-2.05; OR at 14 years, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22-1.83). Piecewise latent growth models revealed no codevelopment of BMI and internalizing symptoms from 3 to 7 years of age (r = 0.01), whereas their slopes were associated between 7 and 14 years of age (r = 0.23). Initial level and rate of change in each domain in early childhood was not associated with rate of change in the other domain at older ages. Cross-lagged models indicated no cross-domain pathways before 7 years of age, with some weak cross-domain pathways emerging between 7 and 14 years of age. Socioeconomic position attenuated some of these associations, leaving a BMI-to-internalizing symptoms pathway in later childhood and an internalizing symptoms-to-BMI pathway in early adolescence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings suggest that BMI and internalizing symptoms become more associated and reciprocal as children get older and that some of their temporal associations can be attributed to socioeconomic factors. The emergence of cross-domain temporal pathways in middle childhood suggests that social, physiologic, and psychological processes begin to play an increasingly important role in these health outcomes. Prevention and early intervention efforts may benefit from targeting both health outcomes in childhood.

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BMI Development and Early Adolescent Psychosocial Well-Being: UK Millennium Cohort Study

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Do bedroom screens and the mealtime environment shape different trajectories of child overweight and obesity? Research using the Growing Up in Scotland study

Do bedroom screens and the mealtime environment shape different trajectories of child overweight and obesity? Research using the Growing Up in Scotland study

Trends in millennial adolescent mental health and health related behaviours over ten years: a population cohort comparison study

Comorbidity, Codevelopment, and Temporal Associations Between Body Mass Index and Internalizing Symptoms From Early Childhood to Adolescence

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