Bluetooth Low Energy Throughput in Densely Deployed Radio Environment

Self Cite

This paper presents a wearable wireless system for measuring human body activities, consisting of small inertial sensor nodes and the main hub for data transmission via Bluetooth for further analysis. Unlike optical and ultrasonic technologies, the proposed solution has no movement restrictions, such as the requirement to stay in the line of sight, and it provides information on the dynamics of the human body’s poses regardless of its location. The problem of the correct placement of sensors on the body is considered, a simplified architecture of the wearable clothing is described, an experimental set-up is developed and tests are performed. The system has been tested by performing several physical exercises and comparing the performance with the commercially available BTS Bioengineering SMART DX motion capture system. The results show that our solution is more suitable for complex exercises as the system based on digital cameras tends to lose some markers. The proposed wearable sensor clothing can be used as a multi-purpose data acquisition device for application-specific data analysis, thus providing an automated tool for scientists and doctors to measure patient’s body movements.

Section: Experimental Setup Scenario and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sensor Clothing for Body Movement Measurement during Physical Activities in Healthcare

Ancāns

Greitāns

Cacurs

et al. 2021

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“…The authors suggested that further improving the reliability of BLE is possible by adding some extra techniques, such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). A. Ancans et al [ 20 ] studied the BLE throughput under Wi-Fi interference and other BLE devices. The parameters, such as the BLE connection interval (CI) and PHY mode, which are mainly used to adjust the throughput and communication range, were considered in their work.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetooth Low Energy Interference Awareness Scheme and Improved Channel Selection Algorithm for Connection Robustness

Pang

T'Jonck

Claeys

et al. 2021

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a popular wireless communication protocol heavily used in Internet of Things applications. Nowadays, robustness is considered a key requirement in wireless communication. However, radio interference from various sources may affect the performance of BLE devices, leading to channel congestion. Therefore, there is a broadly recognized need of methodologies capable of sensing and avoiding interference. In this paper, two improvements at the data link layer for interference detection and channel selection are proposed to enhance the BLE connection robustness. This paper also presents a wide range of experimental evaluations aiming at validating the improvements and providing insights on both these improvements. Particularly, the communication performance of the BLE link layer is assessed in terms of channel usage distribution, supervision timeout ratio (STR) and packet loss rate (PLR) under different interference environments. Results from these experiments (reliability over 97% and 99% under two different harsh environments) highlight the effects of both improvements on the BLE robustness. Meanwhile, the authority of scheduling the whole mechanism is given to the link layer and even the higher application layer. This paper provides a set of solutions for BLE confronting interference in link layer.

“…A low power, wireless demonstration platform for wearable IoT flexible systems was designed and developed in view of our specific application for health and environment monitoring. The core activity for combining various contributions into unique proof of concept demonstrators is based on previous works [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Low-power Wearable Sensing Platform: Architecture Specifmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This platform support both analog and digital sensors, developed by Convergence project partners, such as activity [ 4 , 11 ], sweat and pH [ 14 ] and gas sensors like NO x [ 15 , 16 ], CO x [ 7 ], NH x compounds.…”

Section: Low-power Wearable Sensing Platform: Architecture Specifmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wearable Low-Power Sensing Platform for Environmental and Health Monitoring: The Convergence Project

Saoutieff

Polichetti

Jouanet

et al. 2021

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The low-power sensing platform proposed by the Convergence project is foreseen as a wireless, low-power and multifunctional wearable system empowered by energy-efficient technologies. This will allow meeting the strict demands of life-style and healthcare applications in terms of autonomy for quasi-continuous collection of data for early-detection strategies. The system is compatible with different kinds of sensors, able to monitor not only health indicators of individual person (physical activity, core body temperature and biomarkers) but also the environment with chemical composition of the ambient air (NOx, COx, NHx particles) returning meaningful information on his/her exposure to dangerous (safety) or pollutant agents. In this article, we introduce the specifications and the design of the low-power sensing platform and the different sensors developed in the project, with a particular focus on pollutant sensing capabilities and specifically on NO2 sensor based on graphene and CO sensor based on polyaniline ink.