Bluetongue virus vaccine: conventional to modern approach

Ranjan, Koushlesh; Prasad, Minakshi; Brar, Basanti; Lambe, Upendera; Kumar, Rajesh; Ghosh, Manik; Prasad, Gaya

doi:10.4149/av_2019_109

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“… 37 , 38 ). Indeed, during the past three decades, a whole new-generation of BTV vaccines were introduced and were shown to be more effective in terms of providing a protective immune response and cross-protective against more than serotype 39 . That said, the continuous emergence of new strains worldwide indicates that vaccine development barely keeps up with the rapid BTV reassortment 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus

Alkhamis

Aguilar-Vega

Fountain-Jones

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Bluetongue virus (BTV) epidemics are responsible for worldwide economic losses of up to US$ 3 billion. Understanding the global evolutionary epidemiology of BTV is critical in designing intervention programs. Here we employed phylodynamic models to quantify the evolutionary characteristics, spatiotemporal origins, and multi-host transmission dynamics of BTV across the globe. We inferred that goats are the ancestral hosts for BTV but are less likely to be important for cross-species transmission, sheep and cattle continue to be important for the transmission and maintenance of infection between other species. Our models pointed to China and India, countries with the highest population of goats, as the likely ancestral country for BTV emergence and dispersal worldwide over 1000 years ago. However, the increased diversification and dispersal of BTV coincided with the initiation of transcontinental livestock trade after the 1850s. Our analysis uncovered important epidemiological aspects of BTV that may guide future molecular surveillance of BTV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus

Alkhamis

Aguilar-Vega

Fountain-Jones

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“… 2014 ; Feenstra and van Rijn 2017 ; Ranjan et al. 2019 ; van Rijn 2019 ). Prophylactic vaccination has contributed to BT control and significantly reduced the economic losses caused by morbidity, mortality, reproductive problems, and reduced milk production (Kutzler and Weiner 2008 ; Pioz et al.…”

Section: Control and Prevention Of Btvmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Saminathan

Singh

Khorajiya

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by BT virus (BTV) and it belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by Culicoides midges and causes clinical disease in sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and subclinical manifestation in cattle, goats and camelids. BT is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed multispecies disease and causes great socio-economic losses. To date, 28 serotypes of BTV have been reported worldwide and 23 serotypes have been reported from India. Transplacental transmission (TPT) and fetal abnormalities in ruminants had been reported with cell culture adopted live-attenuated vaccine strains of BTV. However, emergence of BTV-8 in Europe during 2006, confirmed TPT of wild-type/field strains of BTV. Diagnosis of BT is more important for control of disease and to ensure BTV-free trade of animals and their products. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, agar gel immunodiffusion assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are found to be sensitive and OIE recommended tests for diagnosis of BTV for international trade. Control measures include mass vaccination (most effective method), serological and entomological surveillance, forming restriction zones and sentinel programs. Major hindrances with control of BT in India are the presence of multiple BTV serotypes, high density of ruminant and vector populations. A pentavalent inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine is administered currently in India to control BT. Recombinant vaccines with DIVA strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease. This review is the first to summarise the seroprevalence of BTV in India for 40 years, economic impact and pathobiology.

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“…Inactivated vaccines are currently available for -BTV and have been used in Europe. However, inactivated vaccines are expensive and not an effective solution when treating large amounts of livestock [19, 20]. Therefore, alternative control measures are needed to supplement the few existing control measures for Culicoides species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfection of Culicoides sonorensis biting midge cell lines with Wolbachia pipientis

et al. 2019

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Background: Biting midges of the genus Culicoides vector multiple veterinary pathogens and are difficult to control. Endosymbionts particularly Wolbachia pipientis may offer an alternative to control populations of Culicoides and/or impact disease transmission in the form of population suppression or replacement strategies.Methods: Culicoides sonorensis cell lines were transfected with a Wolbachia infection using a modified shell vial technique. Infections were confirmed using PCR and cell localization using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The stability of Wolbachia infections and density was determined by qPCR. qPCR was also used to examine immune genes in the IMD, Toll and JACK/STAT pathways to determine if Wolbachia were associated with an immune response in infected cells.Results: Here we have transfected two Culicoides sonorensis cell lines (W3 and W8) with a Wolbachia infection (walbB) from donor Aedes albopictus Aa23 cells. PCR and FISH showed the presence of Wolbachia infections in both C. sonorensis cell lines. Infection densities were higher in the W8 cell lines when compared to W3. In stably infected cells, genes in the immune Toll, IMD and JAK/STAT pathways were upregulated, along with Attacin and an Attacin-like antimicrobial peptides. Conclusions:The successful introduction of Wolbachia infections in C. sonorensis cell lines and the upregulation of immune genes, suggest the utility of using Wolbachia for a population replacement and/or population suppression approach to limit the transmission of C. sonorensis vectored diseases. Results support the further investigation of Wolbachia induced pathogen inhibitory effects in Wolbachia-infected C. sonorensis cell lines and the introduction of Wolbachia into C. sonorensis adults via embryonic microinjection to examine for reproductive phenotypes and host fitness effects of a novel Wolbachia infection.

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Bluetongue virus vaccine: conventional to modern approach

Cited by 13 publications

References 103 publications

Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus

Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Transfection of Culicoides sonorensis biting midge cell lines with Wolbachia pipientis

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