Blueprint for cancer research: Critical gaps and opportunities

Abstract

We are experiencing a revolution in cancer. Advances in screening, targeted and immune therapies, big data, computational methodologies, and significant new knowledge of cancer biology are transforming the ways in which we prevent, detect, diagnose, treat, and survive cancer. These advances are enabling durable progress in the goal to achieve personalized cancer care. Despite these gains, more work is needed to develop better tools and strategies to limit cancer as a major health concern. One persistent gap is the inconsistent coordination among researchers and caregivers to implement evidence‐based programs that rely on a fuller understanding of the molecular, cellular, and systems biology mechanisms underpinning different types of cancer. Here, the authors integrate conversations with over 90 leading cancer experts to highlight current challenges, encourage a robust and diverse national research portfolio, and capture timely opportunities to advance evidence‐based approaches for all patients with cancer and for all communities.

Serological assessment of collagen fragments and tumor fibrosis may guide immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

“…Improving our understanding of the complex mechanisms leading to resistance and anti-tumor immunity is crucial for discovering promising therapeutic targets and identifying novel potential biomarker strategies for cancer immunotherapy [ 6 ]. There is an unmet medical need for practical and predictive biomarkers that can guide patient selection and therapy decisions to increase clinical outcome, avoid adverse events in patients not likely to respond to a given treatment, and limit the high costs related to treating non-responders with expensive medication [ 7 ].…”

Comprehensive Analysis of the Effects of Genetic Ancestry and Genetic Characteristics on the Clinical Evolution of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…With the rapid development of precision medicine, a wide range of personal data, including clinical, lifestyle, genetic, and biological marker information, must be fully considered when selecting treatments ( Konig et al, 2017 ; Elmore et al, 2021 ). Different genetic ancestries play important roles in the occurrence and progression of tumors.…”

Amine oxidase, copper containing 3 exerts anti‑mesenchymal transformation and enhances CD4+ T‑cell recruitment to prolong survival in lung cancer

“…CHAO-YUAN CHANG 1,2 , KUAN-LI WU 1,3,4 , YUNG-YUN CHANG 1,3,5 , PEI-HSUN TSAI 1 , JEN-YU HUNG 1,3,4 , WEI-AN CHANG 3,6 , SHU-FANG JIAN 1 , YUNG-CHI HUANG 1 , INN-WEN CHONG 1,3,4 , YING-MING TSAI 1,3,4,7 and YA-LING HSU 1,7 In addition to the malignant cells, the surrounding microenvironment is also critical for tumorigenesis (7,8). Amine oxidases refer to a class of enzymes that catalyze the deamination of amine groups to produce aldehydes, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide (9).…”

“…The two most prevalent NSCLC subtypes are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), which constitute 35 and 25% of all cases, respectively ( 5 ). There have been notable advances in our understanding of lung cancer and its underlying mechanisms of action, which have been clearly elucidated and exemplified ( 6 ). There have also been marked improvements recently in the treatments available for lung cancer.…”