Blue light-triggered photochemistry and cytotoxicity of retinal

Ratnayake, Kasun; Payton, John L.; Meger, Mitchell E.; Godage, Nipunika H.; Gionfriddo, Emanuela; Karunarathne, Ajith

doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109547

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In China, more than 220 million children and adolescents began online study courses at home instead of conventional teaching models at school due to the impact of the coronavirus ( 21 ). However, given unstable network signals, the imperfect management of online teaching and examination, and higher risk of visual loss caused by cumulative effect of blue light emitted from various electronic devices ( 22 , 23 ), online teaching is not only difficult to meet the learning needs of students, but it also may further aggravate mental distress. Additionally, prolonged quarantined at home and a heightened risk of witnessing or suffering violence and abuse can lead them to difficulties in concentration, as well as irritability, restlessness, and nervousness ( 24 ), and mental health status has been identified as a prominent factor for smartphone addiction ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Based on a Decision Tree Model for Exploring the Risk Factors of Smartphone Addiction Among Children and Adolescents in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Duan

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Smartphone addiction has emerged as a major concern among children and adolescents over the past few decades and may be heightened by the outbreak of COVID-19, posing a threat to their physical and mental health. Then we aimed to develop a decision tree model as a screening tool for unrecognized smartphone addiction by conducting large sample investigation in mainland China.Methods: The data from cross-sectional investigation of smartphone addiction among children and adolescents in mainland China (n = 3,615) was used to build models of smartphone addiction by employing logistic regression, visualized nomogram, and decision tree analysis.Results: Smartphone addiction was found in 849 (23.5%) of the 3,615 respondents. According to the results of logistic regression, nomogram, and decision tree analyses, Internet addiction, hours spend on smartphone during the epidemic, levels of clinical anxiety symptoms, fear of physical injury, and sex were used in predictive model of smartphone addiction among children and adolescents. The C-index of the final adjusted model of logistic regression was 0.804. The classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and AUC area of decision tree for detecting smartphone addiction were 87.3, 71.4, 92.1, 73.5, 91.4, and 0.884, respectively.Conclusions: It was found that the incidence of smartphone addiction among children and adolescents is significant during the epidemic. The decision tree model can be used to screen smartphone addiction among them. Findings of the five risk factors will help researchers and parents assess the risk of smartphone addiction quickly and easily.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Based on a Decision Tree Model for Exploring the Risk Factors of Smartphone Addiction Among Children and Adolescents in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Duan

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…As the use of devices emitting blue-enriched light has increased, so have concerns about its negative effects on the retina. 1 , 2 Excessive exposure to blue light can cause insomnia and Transient Smartphone Blindness, 3 damage the retina, and threaten vision. 4 – 7 In general, the retina is most sensitive to shorter-wavelength light, which causes damage that is primarily photochemical in nature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exposure to Blue Light Reduces Melanopsin Expression in Intrinsically Photoreceptive Retinal Ganglion Cells and Damages the Inner Retina in Rats

Ziółkowska

Chmielewska-Krzesińska

Vyniarska

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigative the effects of blue light on intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Methods Brown Norway rats were used. Nine rats were continuously exposed to blue light (light emitting diodes [LEDs]: 463 nm; 1000 lx) for 2 days (acute exposure [AE]); 9 rats were exposed to 12 hours of blue light and 12 hours of darkness for 10 days (long-term exposure [LTE]); 6 control rats were exposed to 12 hours of white fluorescent light (1000 lx) and 12 hours of darkness for 10 days. Whole-mount retinas were immunolabelled with melanopsin antibodies; melanopsin-positive (MP) ipRGC somas and processes were counted and measured with Neuron J. To detect apoptosis, retinal cryo-sections were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. Ultra-thin sections were visualized with transmission electron microscopy. Results The number of MP ipRGC somas was significantly lower in retinas from AE and LTE rats than in those from control rats ( P < 0.001 and = 0.002, respectively). The mean length of MP areas of processes was significantly lower in AE rats ( P < 0.001). AE rats had severe retinal damage and massive apoptosis in the outer nuclear layer; their mitochondria were damaged in the axons and dendrites of the nerve fiber layer and the inner plexiform layer. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in AE rats appeared to have reduced amounts of free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions AE to blue light reduces melanopsin expression and damages RGCs, likely including ipRGCs. Changes in the axons and dendrites of RGCs suggest possible disruption of intraretinal and extraretinal signal transmission.

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“…Rhodopsin, which is the main protein of POS membranes (90% of all proteins in these membranes) and is responsible for the first stages of visual signal transduction, is also located in the POS membrane bulk domain. Rhodopsin requires the presence of polyunsaturated lipids for its activity; on the other hand, co-localization of rhodopsin with polyunsaturated phospholipids creates a dangerous situation for both, especially during illumination, when ROS are produced by photosensitizers (i.e., all-trans-retinal) ( 48 ). Such a selective accumulation of macular xanthophylls in domains rich in vulnerable unsaturated lipids is, therefore, ideal, given their photoprotective action.…”

Section: Prevention Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: From Risk Factors to Novel Diagnostics and Prevention Strategies

2022

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic multifactorial eye disease representing the primary cause of vision loss in people aged 60 years and older. The etiopathogenesis of the disease remains uncertain, with several risk factors contributing to its onset and progression, such as genotype, aging, hypertension, smoking, overweight, and low dietary intake of carotenoids. Since the aging populations of the industrialized world are increasing rapidly, the impact of AMD in the socio-economical life-developed countries is expected to increase dramatically in the next years. In this context, the benefits of prevention and early disease detection for prompt and effective treatment can be enormous to reduce the social and economic burden of AMD. Nutritional and lifestyle changes, including dietary intake of xanthophyll pigments, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, no smoking, and regular exercise, are known to protect from risk of AMD progression from early to advanced disease stages. In this review, we present the clinical outcomes of a pilot study on trans-scleral iontophoresis delivery of lutein in patients with AMD. Topical delivery of lutein directly to the macula may provide a more efficient method for enriching the macular pigment and for achieving greater patient compliance to therapy than oral administration and thus enhancing prevention strategies. Modern diagnostic methodologies shall address the major problem of accurately detecting the risk of transition from intermediate AMD to advanced AMD stages. Adaptive optics retinal imaging and resonance Raman spectroscopy are two highly promising technologies for the objective assessment of patients with AMD. In this review, we present some of their clinical applications for collecting quantitative measurements of retinal cellular changes and macular content of xanthophyll pigments, respectively. In conclusion, there is great expectation that technological advancements in AMD management will deliver improved screening, therapeutic prevention, and diagnostic systems in the coming decade through a pro-active strategy of “treatment for prevention” that will aim to reduce the global burden of vision loss caused by AMD in the elderly.

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Blue light-triggered photochemistry and cytotoxicity of retinal

Cited by 29 publications

References 65 publications

Based on a Decision Tree Model for Exploring the Risk Factors of Smartphone Addiction Among Children and Adolescents in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Based on a Decision Tree Model for Exploring the Risk Factors of Smartphone Addiction Among Children and Adolescents in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Exposure to Blue Light Reduces Melanopsin Expression in Intrinsically Photoreceptive Retinal Ganglion Cells and Damages the Inner Retina in Rats

Challenges in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: From Risk Factors to Novel Diagnostics and Prevention Strategies

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