Blue Light Hazard and Risk Group Classification of 8 W LED Tubes, Replacing Fluorescent Tubes, through Optical  Radiation Measurements

Leccese, Francesco; Vandelanotte, Viola; Salvadori, Giacomo; Rocca, Michele

doi:10.3390/su71013454

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…And when photo-safety is estimated, it is very important to assess dependence between basic luminance of a lighting source and a distance between it and human eyes. Such dependences were obtained for a 200 mm distance and further on to 1,000 mm distance in works by F. Leccese et al [3]; the results are given on Figures 2 and 3. Note: * means height of a room inside a block-container is a distance taken directly from the floor to the ceiling.…”

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confidence: 56%

Irrational lighting as a health risk occurring in the Arctic

Kaptsov¹

2020

Health Risk Analysis

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We assessed health risks for operators who had to live in mobile houses in the Arctic regions. Inadequate lighting is a most significant factor related to housing conditions that can cause various pathologies resulting in decreasing working capacity. We revised data on impacts exerted by luminous and LED lighting on operators and it allowed us to determine reasons for "aftereffects" produced by LED lighting regarding an increase in latency in No. 95 pattern electroretinogram (PERG); this latency characterizes a situation with ganglionic cells in the visual analyzer. We put forward a hypothesis that lower "inhibition" efficiency was caused by absorption of blue light within 380-450 nanometers range, and an increase in PERG P50 amplitude was caused by an additional increase in Na + , Ca + ions flows when ChR2 protein absorbed excessive 470 nm blue light against a blue light dose in a luminous lamp spectrum. We showed that there were practically no changes in operators' health after they had been exposed to dynamic LED lighting; however, all the participants in the experiment had a W-like splitting in P100 peak in visually induced cortical potentials as a response to stimuli with different angle sizes. When ganglionic cells are exposed to blue lighting, interaction between their degrading mitochondria and astrocytes becomes very important. LED lighting results in damage to mitochondria in ganglionic cells. Mitochondria are moved to the optic nerve head to be utilized where they are absorbed by astrocytes and eliminated with their lysosome. Should a speed of degrading mitochondria inflow exceed a speed at which they are utilized, it will cause mechanic strains in fibers of the optic nerve head due to "mitochondria jam"; this, in its turn, can lead to long-term disorders in the optic nerve head and glaucoma occurrence. We formulated recommendations for the State Standard 23274-84 "Mobile houses. Electrical appliances. Overall technical conditions" and advised applying semiconductor white light sources in them as they had a biologically adequate irradiation spectrum.

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confidence: 56%

Irrational lighting as a health risk occurring in the Arctic

Kaptsov¹

2020

Health Risk Analysis

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“…The interventions on the lighting systems, however, are of easier implementation, also from the point of view of the manager of the building, because they have a greater reduced cost compared to other types of interventions and they have advantageous payback times. All of the analysed interventions are such as to enable improved energy efficiency without reducing the average comfort conditions currently present and, in some cases, enhancing aspects of health and safety in the workplace, which are fundamental requirements especially in building used for public functions [26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Energy Audit Activity Focused on the Lighting Systems in Historical Buildings

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The energy audit for a building is a procedure designed mainly to obtain adequate knowledge of the energy consumption profile, identify, and quantify opportunities for energy savings by a cost-benefit analysis and report, clearly and comprehensively, about the obtained results. If the audit is referred to a building with a significant historical and artistic value, a compatibility evaluation of the energy saving interventions with the architectural features should also be developed. In this paper, analysing the case study of a historical building used as public offices in Pisa (Italy), the authors describe how it is possible to conduct an energy audit activity (especially dedicated to the lighting system) and they show how, for this type of buildings, it is possible to obtain significant energy savings with a refurbishment of the lighting system. A total number of seven interventions on indoor and outdoor lighting sub-systems were analysed in the paper. They are characterised by absolute compatibility with the historical and artistic value of the building and they show short payback times, variable between 4 and 34 months, allowing a reduction of the electrical energy consumption for the artificial indoor and outdoor lighting variable from 1.1 MWh/year to 39.0 MWh/year. The followed methodology and the evaluation results described in the paper, although based on a case study, can be extended to numerous historical buildings used as public offices, a recurring situation in the centres of Italian historical cities.

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“…9-10). We have also ignored emerging concerns regarding the visual negative health effects of blue-rich LED lights and flicker [12] as well as issues with LEDs for indoor lighting [69][70][71]. There is also much more to say about trade-offs between the economic, social and ecological aspects of lighting as opposed to the preservation of natural darkness [18] (pp.…”

Section: Conclusion: the Dilemma Behind The Led Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

The LED Paradox: How Light Pollution Challenges Experts to Reconsider Sustainable Lighting

et al. 2019

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In the 21st century, the notion of “sustainable lighting” is closely associated with LED technology. In the past ten years, municipalities and private light users worldwide have installed light-emitting diodes in urban spaces and public streets to save energy. Yet an increasing body of interdisciplinary research suggests that supposedly sustainable LED installations are in fact unsustainable, because they increase light pollution. Paradoxically, blue-rich cool-white LED lighting, which is the most energy-efficient, also appears to be the most ecologically unfriendly. Biologists, physicians and ecologists warn that blue-rich LED light disturbs the circadian day-and-night rhythm of living organisms, including humans, with potential negative health effects on individual species and whole ecosystems. Can the paradox be solved? This paper explores this question based on our transdisciplinary research project Light Pollution—A Global Discussion. It reveals how light pollution experts and lighting professionals see the challenges and potential of LED lighting from their different viewpoints. This expert feedback shows that “sustainable LED lighting” goes far beyond energy efficiency as it raises complex design issues that imply stakeholder negotiation. It also suggests that the LED paradox may be solved in context, but hardly in principle.

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Blue Light Hazard and Risk Group Classification of 8 W LED Tubes, Replacing Fluorescent Tubes, through Optical Radiation Measurements

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Irrational lighting as a health risk occurring in the Arctic

Irrational lighting as a health risk occurring in the Arctic

The Energy Audit Activity Focused on the Lighting Systems in Historical Buildings

The LED Paradox: How Light Pollution Challenges Experts to Reconsider Sustainable Lighting

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