Blue Light-Dependent Pre-mRNA Splicing Controls Pigment Biosynthesis in the Mushroom
            <i>Terana caerulea</i>

Lawrinowitz, Stefanie; Wurlitzer, Jacob M.; Weiss, Dieter G.; Arndt, Hans‐Dieter; Kothe, Erika; Gressler, Markus; Hoffmeister, Dirk

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01065-22

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…The genome of H. rutilans CBS 490.95 was sequenced, yielding 34.8 Mbp of sequence data, distributed on 375 contigs. To bioinformatically browse the data for genes encoding tri-domain NRPS-like enzymes, the corA gene (GenBank: OM515349.1 [ 13 ]) of Terana caerulea served as a query. Two genetic loci, hereafter referred to as hapA1 and hapA2 , were identified that met the criteria: hapA1 is 3090 bp long, disrupted by three predicted introns and encodes a 106.8 kDa protein with 964 amino acids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 ). The most recently characterized member of basidiomycete quinone synthetases is CorA [ 13 ]. It produces polyporic acid that feeds corticin biosynthesis in the Cobalt Crust Mushroom Terana caerulea .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It produces polyporic acid that feeds corticin biosynthesis in the Cobalt Crust Mushroom Terana caerulea . Curiously, the phylogenetic placement of CorA indicates a position separate from the previously characterized basidiomycete atromentin synthetases [ 13 ]. Although a misinterpreted phylogeny could not be ruled out initially, we hypothesized that the true evolution of basidiomycete quinone synthetases may have been more complex than expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes

Seibold

Lawrinowitz

Raztsou

et al. 2023

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

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Background The terphenylquinones represent an ecologically remarkable class of basidiomycete natural products as they serve as central precursors of pigments and compounds that impact on microbial consortia by modulating bacterial biofilms and motility. This study addressed the phylogenetic origin of the quinone synthetases that assemble the key terphenylquinones polyporic acid and atromentin. Results The activity of the Hapalopilus rutilans synthetases HapA1, HapA2 and of Psilocybe cubensis PpaA1 were reconstituted in Aspergilli. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the culture extracts identified all three enzymes as polyporic acid synthetases. PpaA1 is unique in that it features a C-terminal, yet catalytically inactive dioxygenase domain. Combined with bioinformatics to reconstruct the phylogeny, our results demonstrate that basidiomycete polyporic acid and atromentin synthetases evolved independently, although they share an identical catalytic mechanism and release structurally very closely related products. A targeted amino acid replacement in the substrate binding pocket of the adenylation domains resulted in bifunctional synthetases producing both polyporic acid and atromentin. Conclusions Our results imply that quinone synthetases evolved twice independently in basidiomycetes, depending on the aromatic α-keto acid substrate. Furthermore, key amino acid residues for substrate specificity were identified and changed which led to a relaxed substrate profile. Therefore, our work lays the foundation for future targeted enzyme engineering.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes

Seibold

Lawrinowitz

Raztsou

et al. 2023

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

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“…54 Studies had shown that blue light-dependent pre-mRNA splicing controled pigment biosynthesis in the mushroom Terana caerulea. 55 One hour blue light irradiation everyday significantly reduced the number of spores and inhibit the growth of Penicillium italicum. 56 Red light irradiation under different conditions promoted the production of YP and RP and inhibited the production of OP and citrinin in M. purpureus M9.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the appropriate intensity of light and MF could promote the growth and metabolism of fungi 54 . Studies had shown that blue light‐dependent pre‐mRNA splicing controled pigment biosynthesis in the mushroom Terana caerulea 55 . One hour blue light irradiation everyday significantly reduced the number of spores and inhibit the growth of Penicillium italicum 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of histone H3K4 methyltransferase in regulating Monascus pigments production by red light‐coupled magnetic field

Zhang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Photochem & Photobiology

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Light, magnetic field, and methylation affected the growth and secondary metabolism of fungi. The regulation effect of the three factors on the growth and Monascus pigments (MPs) synthesis of Monascus purpureus was investigated in this study. 5‐azacytidine (5‐AzaC), DNA methylation inhibitor, was used to treat M. purpureus (wild‐type, WT). Twenty micromolar 5‐AzaC significantly promoted the growth, development, and MPs yield. Moreover, 250 lux red light and red light coupled magnetic field (RLCMF) significantly promoted the biomass. For WT, red light, and RLCMF significantly promoted MPs yield. But compared with red light treatment, only 0.2 mT RLCMF promoted the alcohol‐soluble MPs yield. For histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex subunit Ash2 gene knockout strain (ΔAsh2), only 0.2 mT RLCMF significantly promoted water‐soluble MPs yield. Yet red light, 1.0 and 0.2 mT RLCMF significantly promoted alcohol‐soluble MPs yield. This indicated that methylation affected the MPs biosynthesis. Red light and weaker MF had a synergistic effect on the growth and MPs synthesis of ΔAsh2. This result was further confirmed by the expression of related genes. Therefore, histone H3K4 methyltransferase was involved in the regulation of the growth, development, and MPs synthesis of M. purpureus by the RLCMF.

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Biotechnological Production of Fungal Colorants

Bergmann,

Berger,

Ersoy

et al. 2024

Lebensmittelchemie

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Da eine globale Transformation in Richtung zirkulärer Bioökonomie auf nachhaltige Prozesse und umweltfreundliche Produkte angewiesen ist, werden in dieser Arbeit Alternativen für aktuell eingesetzte Farbstoffe untersucht. Die biotechnologische Produktion von Farbstoffen aus Pilzen wird als Lösungsstrategie vorgeschlagen.Zwei verschiedene Spezies wurden auf ihr Potential als Farbstoff‐Produzenten untersucht: der Gemeine Schwefelporling (Laetiporus sulphureus) und der Zottige Schillerporling (Inonotus hispidus). Beide Arten sind bekannt dafür, sowohl im Fruchtkörper, als auch im Myzel in flüssiger Nährkultur farbige Moleküle zu synthetisieren. L. sulphureus produziert die orangen Laetiporsäuren und I. hispidus bildet das gelbe Hispidin, ein bekanntes Antioxidant mit vielen weiteren Bioaktivitäten.Die Kultivierung beider Spezies wurde in dieser Arbeit vom Schüttelkolben bis zum 4 bzw. 7 L Maßstab im Bioreaktor vergrößert und die Nährmedien optimiert. Durch den Vergleich vier verschiedener L. sulphureus Stämme wurde der potenteste Produktionsstamm ausgewählt und erzielte Ausbeuten von rund 1 g/L Laetiporsäure. Bei der Kultivierung von I. hispidus wurden verschiedene physikalische und chemische Einflussfaktoren zur Steigerung der Hispidin‐Ausbeute getestet. Der Einsatz von Belichtung und oxidativem Stress stimulierte die Farbstoffsynthese, genau wie dem Nährmedium zugesetzte Prekursoren. Alle Effektoren wurden in parallelen Kultivierungen in Bioreaktoren zweier verschiedener Bauarten getestet und eine Ausbeute von 5,5 g/L Hispidin erzielt. Verschiedene Produktaufarbeitungs‐Strategien wurden etabliert, von der klassischen Extraktion bis zum Zwei‐Phasen‐System. Die zuvor geringe Stabilität der Laetiporsäure‐Extrakte konnte durch Stickstoff und Lagerung bei niedrigen Temperaturen stabilisiert werden und das Potential für die Anwendung in Textilien, Kosmetika und Lebensmitteln wurde demonstriert.Zusammenfassend wurde in dieser Arbeit anhand von zwei Beispielen gezeigt, dass die biotechnologische Produktion von Pilzfarbstoffen möglich ist. Die Maßstabsvergrößerung von Labor bis zur Pilotanlage wurde berichtet und die Kombination von chemischen und physikalischen Einflussfaktoren sorgte für Ausbeuten im g/L Bereich, die einen entsprechenden Bioprozess wettbewerbsfähig mit konventionellen Prozessen für natürliche Farbstoffe machen.

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Blue Light-Dependent Pre-mRNA Splicing Controls Pigment Biosynthesis in the Mushroom Terana caerulea

Abstract: The regulation of natural product biosyntheses in mushrooms in response to environmental cues is poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap and chose the cobalt crust mushroom Terana caerulea as our model.

Cited by 9 publications

References 75 publications

Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes

Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes

Role of histone H3K4 methyltransferase in regulating Monascus pigments production by red light‐coupled magnetic field

Biotechnological Production of Fungal Colorants

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