Blue light blind-spot stimulation upregulates b-wave and pattern ERG activity in myopes

Amorim‐de‐Sousa, Ana; Schilling, Tim; Fernandes, Paulo; Seshadri, Yeshwanth; Bahmani, Hamed; González-Meijóme, José Manuel

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88459-2

Cited by 12 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…In the study by Aleman et al, 33 the eye was not exposed to the ON-pathway overstimulating text during OCT imaging, but was presumably exposed to the luminous blue fixation target of the OCT device. Previous studies suggest that brief stimulation (approximately 1 minute) of the melanopsin-driven retinal pathway with blue light upregulates the ON-pathway–mediated response from the dopaminergic retinal amacrine cells, 50 and increases the vitreal dopamine levels. 51 Therefore, we hypothesize that the exposure of the eye to the blue fixation light in the study by Aleman et al 33 might have altered the ON-pathway signaling or triggered other short wavelength–sensitive retinal signaling pathways, 50 , 52 resulting in the observed thickening of the choroid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal OFF-Pathway Overstimulation Leads to Greater Accommodation-Induced Choroidal Thinning

Hoseini-Yazdi

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Alonso‐Caneiro

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To examine the interactions between accommodation and overstimulation of the retinal ON- and OFF-pathways, and their association with changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) and vascularity. Methods Optical coherence tomography imaging of the choroid of twenty young adults (ages 25 ± 5 years) was performed before and after a series of 30-minute-long viewing tasks, including reading a bright text on dark background (ON-pathway overstimulation) and dark text on bright background (OFF-pathway overstimulation), and a control task of viewing a movie with unbiased ON-/OFF-pathway activation. The viewing tasks were performed with relaxed, and 5 diopter (D) accommodation (induced by soft contact lenses) demands. Both reading texts were matched for the mean luminance (35 cd/m 2 ), luminance contrast (87%), and letter size (approximately 11.8 arc minutes). The change in ChT from baseline associated with contrast polarity and accommodation was examined using linear mixed model analysis. Results The subfoveal ChT decreased significantly by −7 ± 1 µm with 5 D accommodation compared with relaxed accommodation (−3 ± 1 µm; P < 0.001), and by −9 ± 1 µm with OFF-pathway compared with ON-pathway overstimulation (−4 ± 1 µm; P = 0.002) and the control condition (−2 ± 1 µm; P < 0.001). Overstimulation of the OFF-pathway, but not the ON-pathway, resulted in a significantly greater choroidal thinning compared with the control condition, both at relaxed (−7 ± 1 µm; P = 0.003) and 5 D (−11 ± 1 µm; P = 0.005) accommodation levels. Similar changes were also observed for macular total, stromal, and luminal ChT. Conclusions Retinal OFF-pathway stimulation enhanced the choroidal thinning associated with accommodation, thereby providing a potential mechanism that involves accommodation and the retinal OFF-signaling pathway, linking near work and myopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal OFF-Pathway Overstimulation Leads to Greater Accommodation-Induced Choroidal Thinning

Hoseini-Yazdi

Read

Alonso‐Caneiro

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Recently, a study stimulating the blind-spots in myopic eyes with blue-light was reported ( 59 ). Fifteen healthy non-myopic and myopic young adults underwent stimulation with blue light using virtual reality (VR) headset devices.…”

Section: Factors Involved In Myopia Digital Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Therapeutics: Exploring the Possibilities of Digital Intervention for Myopia

Lee¹,

Choi²,

Hahm³

et al. 2021

Front. Digit. Health

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Pediatric myopia is increasing globally and has become a major public health issue. However, the mechanism of pediatric myopia is still poorly understood, and there is no effective treatment to prevent its progression. Based on results from animal and clinical studies, certain neuronal–humoral factors (NHFs), such as IGF-1, dopamine, and cortisol may be involved in the progression of pediatric myopia. Digital therapeutics uses evidence-based software as therapeutic interventions and it has the potential to offer innovative treatment strategies for pediatric myopia beyond conventional treatment methods. In this perspective article, we introduce digital therapeutics SAT-001, a software algorithm that modulates the level of NHFs to reduce the progression of pediatric myopia. The proposed mechanism is based on a theoretical hypothesis derived from scientific research and clinical studies and will be further confirmed by evidence generated from clinical studies involving pediatric myopia.

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“…Recently, we have reported significant changes in the ERG and pattern ERG (PERG) responses following stimulation of the blind spot with short-wavelength light 45 . Both the ERG b-wave and PERG P50-N95 amplitudes were significantly increased 20 min after blind spot stimulation, relative to 10 min post-stimulation and baseline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect was found selectively in myopic eyes, which showed significantly greater changes compared to non-myopic eyes. It was hypothesized that this finding might be associated with an increase in DAC activity via retrograde feedback from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) 45 . It has previously been shown that melanopsin-containing axons of ipRGCs at the optic nerve head respond to stimulation with blue light matching the peak sensitivity of melanopsin 46 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in b-wave amplitude after light stimulation of the blind spot is positively correlated with the axial length of myopic individuals

Schilling

Amorim‐de‐Sousa

Wong

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Altered retinal dopamine and ON-pathway activity may underlie myopia development. It has been shown that the stimulation of the blind spot with short-wavelength light increases the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave amplitude of myopic eyes and may engage the retinal dopaminergic system. This study evaluated the impact of various durations of blind spot stimulation on the electrophysiological response of the myopic retina and their relationship to axial length. Six myopic individuals underwent three short-wavelength blue light blind spot stimulation protocols (10 s, 1 min, 10 min) using a virtual reality headset. As a control condition, no stimulation was shown for 1 min. The b-wave amplitude of the photopic full-field ERG was measured at baseline and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after each condition. A significant increase in b-wave amplitude was observed for all stimulation protocols compared to the control. The peak b-wave amplitude was observed 20 min after the 1-min stimulation protocol and 60 min after the 10-min stimulation protocol. A significant positive correlation was found between axial length of the eye and percent change in b-wave amplitude for the 10-min stimulation protocol. A rapid and a delayed b-wave time course responses were observed following 1 min and 10 min of blind spot stimulation, respectively. Overall, these results indicate that light stimulation of the blind spot for various durations elevates ON-bipolar cell activity in the retina and as such is assumed to reduce the myopic response. These findings could have implications for future myopia treatment.

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Blue light blind-spot stimulation upregulates b-wave and pattern ERG activity in myopes

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Retinal OFF-Pathway Overstimulation Leads to Greater Accommodation-Induced Choroidal Thinning

Retinal OFF-Pathway Overstimulation Leads to Greater Accommodation-Induced Choroidal Thinning

Digital Therapeutics: Exploring the Possibilities of Digital Intervention for Myopia

Increase in b-wave amplitude after light stimulation of the blind spot is positively correlated with the axial length of myopic individuals

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