Blue LED light exposure induces metabolic rewiring in vitreous tissues in rat models

Theruveethi, Nagarajan; Joshi, Manjunath B.; Ganeshrao, Shonraj Ballae; Valiathan, Manna; Surendran, Sudarshan

doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101986

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As previously described, the blue LEDs (Ack LED panels, Epistar, 3 W, ES-EMBCF30C, F Series, InGan series, blue LED chip, Epistar corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan) were fixed to the cage top, which sat at a height of 52 cm above the cage (L = 108 cm, W = 78 cm) and provided illumination of 450-500 lux (at the cage bottom), as measured with a spectrometer (Asensetek Lighting Passport Pro, New Taipei City, Taiwan). Light levels were averaged from measurements of both horizontal and vertical planes [33]. Retinal irradiance was calculated as previously described [34].…”

Section: Standardization Of Light Exposure and Laboratory Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue-Light-Blocking Lenses Ameliorate Structural Alterations in the Rodent Hippocampus

Akansha

Bui

Ganeshrao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Evidence suggests that prolonged blue-light exposure can impact vision; however, less is known about its impact on non-visual higher-order functions in the brain, such as learning and memory. Blue-light-blocking lenses (BBLs) claim to reduce these potential impacts. Hence, we assessed structural and functional hippocampal alterations following blue-light exposure and the protective efficacy of BBLs. Male Wistar rats were divided into (n = 6 in each group) normal control (NC), blue-light exposure (LE), and blue-light with BBLs (Crizal Prevencia, CP and DuraVision Blue, DB) groups. After 28 days of light exposure (12:12 light: dark cycle), rats were trained for the Morris water maze memory retention test, and brain tissues were sectioned for hippocampal neuronal analysis using Golgi and Cresyl violet stains. The memory retention test was significantly delayed (p < 0.05) in LE compared with DB groups on day 1 of training. Comparison of Golgi-stained neurons showed significant structural alterations, particularly in the basal dendrites of hippocampal neurons in the LE group, with BBLs significantly mitigating these structural changes (p < 0.05). Comparison of Cresyl-violet-stained neurons revealed significantly (p < 0.001) increased degenerated hippocampal neurons in LE rats, with fewer degenerated neurons in the CP lens group for CA1 neurons (p < 0.05), and for both CP and DB groups (p < 0.05) for CA3 neurons. Thus, in addition to documented effects on visual centers, high-level blue-light exposure also results in degeneration in hippocampal neurons with associated behavioral deficits. These changes can be partially ameliorated with blue-light-blocking lenses.

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Section: Standardization Of Light Exposure and Laboratory Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue-Light-Blocking Lenses Ameliorate Structural Alterations in the Rodent Hippocampus

Akansha

Bui

Ganeshrao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The different BBLs available in the market are Duravision Blue (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) and Crizal Prevencia (Essilor, Charenton-le-Pont, France). Research on animal models suggests that the visible spectrum of light causes a broad range of disruptive metabolomic changes [ 39 ] in the image and non-image-forming pathways. Due to the dearth of existing evidence, we studied the impact of white LED exposure on behavior and visual cortex pyramidal neuron structure and amelioration by commercially available BBLs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of white-light-emitting diodes on primary visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons (V1L5PNs) and remodeling by blue-light-blocking lenses

Mattam,

Thomas,

Akansha

et al. 2024

Int Ophthalmol

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Studies have explored the consequences of excessive exposure to white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the retina. Hence, we aimed to assess the implications of such exposure on structural alterations of the visual cortex, learning and memory, and amelioration by blue-light-blocking lenses (BBLs). Eight-week-old Wistar rats (n = 24) were used for the experiment and divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group) as control, white LED light exposure (LE), BBL Crizal Prevencia-1 (CP), and DuraVision Blue-2 (DB). Animals in the exposure group were exposed to white LED directly for 28 days (12:12-h light/dark cycle), whereas animals in the BBL groups were exposed to similar light with BBLs attached to the LEDs. Post-exposure, a Morris water maze was performed for memory retention, followed by structural analysis of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex. We observed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the functional test on day 1 and day 2 of training in the LE group. Structural analysis of Golgi-Cox-stained visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons showed significant alterations in the apical and basal branching points (p < 0.001) and basal intersection points (p < 0.001) in the LE group. Post hoc analysis revealed significant changes between (p < 0.001) LE and CP and (p < 0.001) CP and DB groups. Constant and cumulative exposure to white LEDs presented with structural and functional alterations in the visual cortex, which are partly remodeled by BBLs.

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“…The white and blue LEDs have high energetic characteristics compared with other traditional light sources, so the potential ocular and general risks of these LEDs are widely explored [ 4 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The short-term (28 days) exposure to moderate blue light causes nebulous metabolites in the vitreous [ 26 ] and changes in retinal tissues and cortical neurons [ 27 , 28 ]. Inference from these studies cannot be generalized because few studies have suggested that low levels of blue light for a longer duration (a few months to years) are needed to determine the effects of blue light on the visual system [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study

et al. 2023

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The exposure to blue and white Light emitting diodes (LED) light leads to damage in the visual system with short-term LED light exposure. Chronic exposure, adaptive responses to light, and self-protective mechanisms against LED light exposures need to be explored, and it would be essential to understand the repercussions of LED radiation on vitreous metabolites. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were used in this study, divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group). Three experimental groups of rats were exposed to either blue, white, or yellow LED light for 90 days (12:12 light-dark cycle routine) with uniform illumination (450–500 lux). Standard lab settings were used to maintain control rats. Vitreous fluids were subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). PLS-DA analysis indicated significant the separation of m metabolites among groups, suggesting that LED exposure induces metabolic reprogramming in the vitreous. Amino acids and their modifications showed significant alterations among groups which included D-alanine, D-serine (p < 0.05), lysine (p < 0.001), aspartate (p = 0.0068), glutathione (p = 0.0263), taurine (p = 0.007), and hypotaurine. In chronic light exposure, the self-protective or reworking system could be depleted, which may decrease the ability to compensate for the defending mechanism. This might fail to maintain the metabolomic structural integrity of the vitreous metabolites.

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Blue LED light exposure induces metabolic rewiring in vitreous tissues in rat models

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Blue-Light-Blocking Lenses Ameliorate Structural Alterations in the Rodent Hippocampus

Blue-Light-Blocking Lenses Ameliorate Structural Alterations in the Rodent Hippocampus

Influence of white-light-emitting diodes on primary visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons (V1L5PNs) and remodeling by blue-light-blocking lenses

Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study

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