Blowfly species composition in sheep myiasis in Scotland

Morris, Owen Samuel; Titchener, Richard N.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00403.x

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Oligosulphides originate from the decaying processes of proteins found in carcasses (Brown 1982), and it is likely that these chemicals are actively used by the primary saphrophags. Protophormia terraenovae larvae typically develop on dead animals, but they have also been reported to act as myiasis agents in cold climate regions, and to live parasitically on bird nestlings (Hall 1947;Morris and Titchener 1997;Wall et al 1992a). If the life cycle of P. terraenovae contains parasitic habits, then this species may be less attracted to decaying matter, explaining why P. terraenovae do not attack the stockfish even if it is present during production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blowfly (Diptera, Calliphoridae) damage on stockfish in northern Norway: pest species, damage assessment and the potential of mass trapping

2010

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Production of high quality stockfish in northern Norway takes place from February to May. The dominant blowfly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with adults present during stockfish production were Calliphora vicina and Protophormia terraenovae. Larval collections identified the damage-causing species to be C. vicina. Other saprophagous blowfly species were only found after the production period. Fish dried in sun-exposed locations experienced more damage than fish in shaded locations, and the risk of damage was higher in fish dried later in the production period. Yellow sticky traps and funnel traps baited with dimethyl trisulphide were tested for their potential in mass trapping. Sticky traps caught flies during early spring, while funnel traps increased in efficiency closer to summer. Attraction to dimethyl trisulphide was found to be significantly higher for C. vicina compared to P. terraenovae, and the catch of C. vicina consisted of 92% females. The catch of female flies during the critical drying period consisted of 5-30% of the estimated number of flies having caused damage. The target specificity with high female catches and the cost efficiency of these traps indicate that mass trapping can be used as an integrated part of a management program to reduce damage from blowflies in stockfish producing areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blowfly (Diptera, Calliphoridae) damage on stockfish in northern Norway: pest species, damage assessment and the potential of mass trapping

2010

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“…The primary agent of cutaneous myiasis in most of northern Europe is the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (MacLeod, 1943a; Wall et al , 1992a), although Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus) may be increasing in prevalence in more northerly regions (Morris & Titchener, 1997) and Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner) more prevalent in the Mediterranean and eastern Europe (Hall, 1997; Hall & Farkas, 2000). The larvae of L. sericata feed on the living tissues of warm‐blooded vertebrates, particularly domestic sheep, where infestation is commonly known as blowfly strike.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly abundance and climate as determinants of sheep blowfly strike incidence in southwest England

Broughan

Wall

2007

Medical Vet Entomology

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The relationships between abundance of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), climate, animal management procedures and the incidence of cutaneous myiasis (blowfly strike) in sheep were examined in three sheep pasture systems in southwest England during the summers of 2002 and 2003. In each year, flies were collected using liver-baited sticky targets, daily weather and routine husbandry practices were noted and the age-class of each animal infested and body position of each strike were recorded. On sites where no strike control was used, 5.8-12.1% of ewes and 5.7-15.8% of lambs were struck. Ewe strikes predominated at the beginning of the season. The incidence of ewe strikes was significantly associated with higher mean temperature, rainfall and shearing; shearing was associated with a 95% reduction in the risk of ewe strike. In lambs, the incidence of strike was significantly related to higher fly abundance, ewe shearing, treatment and mean ambient temperature. Lambs were 4.6 times more likely to be struck after the ewes had been shorn than before; however, the strongest relationship was with mean L. sericata abundance. Average minimum threshold temperatures of 9.5 degrees C for lamb strikes and 8.5 degrees C for all strikes were extrapolated, below which oviposition did not occur. Over 80% of ewe strikes occurred in the breech region in 2002, as did 100% in 2003. However, in lambs both body and breech strikes occurred in both years. The distribution of lamb strikes appeared to change over time, with breech strikes predominating in May, June and July and body strikes occurring increasingly later in the season. The incidence of lamb breech strikes was significantly associated with higher L. sericata abundance and ewe shearing but there was no relationship with weather conditions. By contrast, the risk of body strike in lambs was significantly associated with higher blowfly abundance, higher rainfall and higher maximum temperatures. The relationship between strike incidence and L. sericata abundance is important because it enhances our understanding of strike incidence patterns and management of this disease. Clearly, any factors that facilitate larger L. sericata populations, such as inappropriate carcass burial or increased average ambient temperatures, are likely to increase the incidence of strike.

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“…A survey of England and Wales showed that 81% of strikes were composed of pure cultures of L. sericata alone, 13% of mixed cultures of L. sericata and L. caesar and 6% by L. caesar alone (Wall et al, 1992a). In the more northerly and westerly areas of Britain, L. caesar becomes of increasing importance; a survey in Scotland showed that L. caesar ocurred in pure cultures in 8% of strikes and mixed cultures with L. sericata in 31% (Morris & Titchener, 1997). In Norway, L. caesar was found to be the primary species in 27 cases of sheep myiasis (Brinkmann, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation and habitat use by Lucilia blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in pasture

Cruickshank

Wall

2002

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The spatial distribution of blowflies of the genus Lucilia within fields in south west England was examined in 1999 and 2000. Blowflies are economically important agents of sheep myiasis in the UK and understanding local aggregation is an essential step in the development of appropriate sampling and fly control regimes. Fifty, 20 x 20 cm, non-odour-baited, sticky traps were used to catch flies, at randomized, 10 x 10 m grid co-ordinates in fields of permanent pasture. Clear aggregations were evident in all Lucilia distributions. All values of the sigma2:mean ratio were greater than 1. The catches were shown to be highly aggregated using Morisita's index of aggregation. Generalized linear modelling of binary presence/absence catch data was used to relate aggregation to microclimate and habitat. Deletion testing was used to identify significant terms in the models. In general, Lucilia blowflies were predominantly caught around the edges, in warmer and more humid areas of the field. The relationship between microhabitat and the distribution of Lucilia collected in 1999 was used as predictive model to explain the catches made in two fields in 2000. This gave a highly significant fit in one field (P = 0.001) and a relationship which approached significance in the second (P = 0.08). However, these regressions suggest that the relationships between abundance and microhabitat are complex and that 'hot spots' of blowfly catches were not necessarily found in the most extreme microclimate conditions. Nevertheless, microhabitat features do give a relatively good guide to presence or absence of Lucilia in the trap catches, thereby providing important information about the most appropriate location of traps to maximize and standardize sampling and control regimes.

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Blowfly species composition in sheep myiasis in Scotland

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Blowfly (Diptera, Calliphoridae) damage on stockfish in northern Norway: pest species, damage assessment and the potential of mass trapping

Blowfly (Diptera, Calliphoridae) damage on stockfish in northern Norway: pest species, damage assessment and the potential of mass trapping

Fly abundance and climate as determinants of sheep blowfly strike incidence in southwest England

Aggregation and habitat use by Lucilia blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in pasture

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