Blow-open forces on double-break contacts

Shea, J.J.; DeVault, B.; Chien, Yun-Ko

doi:10.1109/95.296365

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…9(A)]. It is interesting to note that in contrast to results published in [6] and [7], where the arc heat flux for radiation was 70%, in our case it is calcu- lated to be 35% only, while heat flux component due to electron and ion bombardment amounts to 65%. It seems that the suggestion concerning 70% portion of arc heat flux for radiation may be correct only for high current which was used in above referred papers.…”

Section: Arcing Stage Gas Pressure Due To Arc Heatingcontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…By measurement of contact movement only translation motion was recorded although in the case of double-break contacts the presence of a rotational component is reported [2], [6]. The rotational component is remarkably reduced but not eliminated by guiding the contact holder as per actual design of regular circuit breaker type.…”

Section: Experimental Set Up and Measurements Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of magnetic force on contact repulsion is investigated in detail experimentally [2] and by numerical simulation [3]- [5]. The dynamics of blow-open contact repulsion is explained in the following way [6]- [8]. Increasing electrical current produces magnetic force, which reduces the load of contact spring and the radius of the contact spot.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main problem with this is the evaluation of plasma pressure that can be achieved using some indirect methods. The method described for this aim in the paper [6] is based on the dependence of arc electrical conductivity on the arc temperature, which is different for different pressures, but it enables one to estimate average values of blow-open force using their experimental data and Yos's theory for arc conductivity-temperature relationship [7]. However, as mentioned by the authors, a more accurate method for calculating the arc dynamics pressure needs to be developed taking into account anode and cathode phenomena, and time dependence of all parameters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of Vapour Force at the Blow-Open Process in Double-Break Contacts

Kharin

Nouri

Bizjak

2009

IEEE Trans. Comp. Packag. Technol.

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Section: Arcing Stage Gas Pressure Due To Arc Heatingcontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Experimental Set Up and Measurements Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Vapour Force at the Blow-Open Process in Double-Break Contacts

Kharin

Nouri

Bizjak

2009

IEEE Trans. Comp. Packag. Technol.

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“…Contact resistance measurements were stored in steps of 10 iterations for up to 1000 iterations. Whenever required, each iteration cycle could be applied by multiple contact make-break transitions to investigate the accelerated induced degradation by synergy effects, such as (a) mechanical contact bounce and (b) spontaneous contact opening effects induced by magnetic blow open forces (Shea et al, 1994) or plasma formation in interfacial cavities (Dervos, 1995(Dervos, , 1997 (Dervos and Fitsilis, 1994;Dervos and Michailides, 1997;Dervos et al, 1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion effects on the electrical performance of silver metal contacts

Vassiliou

Dervos²

1999

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials

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In this work, commercial silver metal contacts welded on top of silver plated brass or brass substrates have been exposed to air rich in NaCl. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of the exposed contact surfaces were performed to identify the corrosion byproducts on top of the silver contacts, suspending wafers, and welding materials. Surface corrosion products were mainly found to consist of small spherules of Cu-Zn or Ag-Cu compounds which cover the surface of the contact proper with low adhesion properties. They mainly originate from the underplating wafer or welding materials. Electrical characterization of the contacting materials was based on dc temperature overheat tests, current switching cycle tests, and energy storage during ac current excitation. The experimental results display that the operating environment is indeed a very significant parameter determining the overall performance of the electrical contacts. New design rules as well as material selection properties may have to be systematically considered to allow for electrochemical induced degradation in saline operating environments.

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Analysis of Visual Characteristics of Short-circuited Arc Sites

Hong¹,

Bang²,

Bang

et al. 2022

Fire Technol

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Identifying the cause of fire at a fire site is an important fire prevention measure to prevent recurrence. In particular, information about molten marks of the copper wire is essential to check whether electric power is being supplied at the fire site. This study aims to analyse the visual characteristics of arc sites formed by a short circuit to identify the molten marks at the fire site. When a short circuit occurs, electromagnetic force is generated by the short circuit current, and the arc repulsion force is generated by the contact arc. In this study, the effects of the forces, which act on the short-circuited melted area, on the formation of copper molten marks were investigated. Copper molten marks formed by a short circuit were experimentally fabricated, and the visual characteristics based on the force that was applied to the melted area were identified and classified based on features. The results showed that the melted area was affected by both the arc repulsion and electromagnetic forces, resulting in the visual differences between the short-circuited arc sites and flame-melted ones, which are affected by gravity and molecular force. These results provide a theoretical basis for discriminating between arc sites formed by a short circuit and flame-melted marks at the fire site. The validity of this study was verified via a comparative analysis using shape and cross-sectional microstructure of molten marks collected at the fire site.

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Blow-open forces on double-break contacts

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Vapour Force at the Blow-Open Process in Double-Break Contacts

Effect of Vapour Force at the Blow-Open Process in Double-Break Contacts

Corrosion effects on the electrical performance of silver metal contacts

Analysis of Visual Characteristics of Short-circuited Arc Sites

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