Blossom-End Rot of Tomato Plants May Not Be Directly Caused by Calcium Deficiency

Nonami, Hiroshi; Fukuyama, Tokihiko; Yamamoto, M.; Yang, Lu; Hashimoto, Yoshiaki

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1995.396.11

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Kreij, 1996;Maynard et al, 1957;Raleigh and Chucka, 1944;Ward, 1973). Ward (1973) and Nonami et al (1995), however, had some doubts regarding Ca 2+ deficiency as the only cause of BER, because of discrepancies in the published values for Ca 2+ in fruits with and without BER. As Ho and White (2005) have shown, Ca has been measured as total Ca (mainly Ca oxalate and Ca pectate) rather than as the fraction of Ca relevant to a particular cell function (Minamide and Ho, 1993), and this may be one of the reasons why it is difficult to find a universal critical Ca level for the induction of BER in Relationships between the rate of blossom-end rot (BER) incidence in each inflorescence and the mean value of watersoluble Ca concentration in a distal half of tomato fruit.…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Relation to the Water-soluble Calcium Concentration in Tomato Fruits as Affected by Calcium Nutrition and Cropping Season

Yoshida¹,

N²,

Vinh³

et al. 2014

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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To understand the factors affecting the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER), the effect of the Ca/K ratio (4/12-12/4, in me·L -1 ) in nutrient solutions and Ca concentration in fractions in the distal part of young tomato fruits immediately before BER symptoms appear were investigated for three seasons. The rate of BER incidence increased with a decrease in the Ca/K ratio in the supplied solutions in the summer and spring, but little difference was observed in the winter. Ca concentration was highest in winter and lowest in summer, and the concentration in fractions decreased with a decrease in the Ca/K ratio of the solutions. When the results of all three experiments were pooled, among the fractions, water-soluble Ca concentration was found to have the highest significance in the relationship to BER incidence. The risk of BER incidence in rapidly growing tomato increased to a critical level when water-soluble Ca in the distal part of the fresh fruit decreased to less than 0.20 μmol·g -1 FW. Multiple-regression analysis revealed that the concentration of water-soluble Ca, which is predominantly recovering apoplastic or cytoplasmic Ca 2+ , and total Ca, which has been translocated during fruit development, are significantly affected by solar radiation and Ca concentration in the supplied solution rather than air temperature.

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Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Relation to the Water-soluble Calcium Concentration in Tomato Fruits as Affected by Calcium Nutrition and Cropping Season

Yoshida¹,

N²,

Vinh³

et al. 2014

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…However, these levels are not optimal for other tomato quality attributes such as fruit flavour, fruit firmness and fruit cracking. BER was also related to the expression of some genes under conditions of stress [141]. Additional research of the ion activity ratios in relation to gene expression is needed for a clear understanding of this disorder.…”

Section: Physiological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of electric conductivity management on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality

2001

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-The osmotic and ionic effects of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution and its interactions with climatic factors and cultural practices on tomato yield and fruit quality are reviewed. Adjusting the salinity of the nutrient solution allows growers to modify water availability to the crop and hence improve fruit quality. At some point, however, increases in salinity limit marketable yield. Under high ECs, fruit size is inversely related to EC while the dry matter content of the fruit is linearly increased by the EC. The exact rate of yield decline varies with interactions between cultivars, environmental factors, composition of the nutrient solution, and crop management. According to different studies and growth conditions, salinities higher than 2.3-5.1 mS⋅cm -1 result in an undesirable yield reduction, while ECs of 3.5-9.0 mS⋅cm -1 improve tomato fruit quality. Manipulating the indoor climate such as humidity, temperature and ambient CO 2 level may offset the negative effect of high salinity on yield and fruit quality such as blossom-end rot. The light intensity received by the plant directly affects the quantity of photoassimilates available to the fruit, it also increases their sugar: acid ratio, and influences the transpiration rate and the water uptake by the plant, which in turn, affect the EC around the root. Increasing the EC with NaCl reduces titratable acids, potassium and nitrogen in the fruit but also increases their sodium content. NaCl enhances the sweetness of tomato fruit and improves the overall flavour intensity. Depending upon the composition of the saline solution, ion toxicities or nutritional deficiencies may arise because of a predominance of specific ion or competition effects among cations and anions. Keeping the proper nutrient levels and ratios between all the nutrients in the root environment for each growth stage of a crop should be targeted in order to achieve high yields and high quality products throughout the cropping season. Several EC and fertigation management regimes could improve fruit quality and are presented in this review.Lycopersicon esculentum / tomato / electrical conductivity / salinity / fruit quality / greenhouse Résumé -Influence de la régie de la conductivité électrique de la solution nutritive sur le rendement et la qualité de la tomate de serre. Cette revue de littérature porte sur les effets osmotiques et ioniques de la conductivité électrique (CE) de la solution nutritive et de ses liens avec les facteurs climatiques et culturaux sur le rendement et la qualité de la tomate de serre. L'ajustement de la salinité de la solution nutritive permet aux producteurs de modifier la disponibilité en eau pour la plante de façon à contrôler la qualité des fruits. Cependant, des salinités élevées affectent le rendement vendable. Sous une haute CE, le calibre des fruits est inversement relié à la CE alors que le contenu en matière sèche des fruits augmente linéairement avec la CE. Le taux de réduction du rendement varie selon les interactions e...

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“…Several authors tried to determine the critical calcium concentration under which BER is triggered in the fruit distal pericarp, but no consensus was established (Saure, 2001). In some cases, total Ca 2+ concentration was even higher in BER fruits than healthy ones (Nonami et al, 1995). Based on these facts, Saure (2001) concluded that stress factors may be involved in BER appearance rather than Ca 2+ per se.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Blossom-end Rot Resistance in Tomato Cultivars is Associated with Total Ascorbate rather than Calcium Concentration in the Distal End Part of Fruits <i>per se</i>

et al. 2018

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Calcium is widely accepted as the main factor responsible for blossom-end rot (BER) appearance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage plant tissues have also been proposed to initiate BER appearance in tomatoes and other fruit-bearing vegetables. Ascorbate, the major antioxidant in tomato fruit, is generally lower during green fruit development, which corresponds to the stage of BER appearance. Accordingly, one hypothesis is that tomato cultivars with a lower susceptibility to BER under salt stress have higher ascorbate contents and thus better control of ROS levels. In this study, to clarify the relationship between BER incidence and oxidative stress, two BER resistant cultivars, 'Managua RZ' and 'House Momotaro' and one BER-susceptible cultivar 'Reiyoh', were cultivated under salinity or standard nutrient solution (control) conditions. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, total hydro-soluble antioxidants, and ascorbate concentrations were measured in the distal pericarp 1 to 2 days prior to symptom appearance and during symptom appearance in healthy and affected fruits. When salt stress was applied, only BER-resistant cultivars showed a significant increase in ascorbate contents prior to BER appearance as compared with their levels under the control condition. In contrast, pre-BER Ca concentrations. A similar tendency was also observed in apple "bitter pit". The ability to increase the fruit antioxidant capacity and maintain mineral balance under salt stress conditions may explain the resistance to BER development in highly resistant cultivars, probably by the avoidance of oxidative-induced cell necrosis and stabilization of the cell membranes, respectively.

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Blossom-End Rot of Tomato Plants May Not Be Directly Caused by Calcium Deficiency

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Relation to the Water-soluble Calcium Concentration in Tomato Fruits as Affected by Calcium Nutrition and Cropping Season

Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Relation to the Water-soluble Calcium Concentration in Tomato Fruits as Affected by Calcium Nutrition and Cropping Season

Influence of electric conductivity management on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality

Differences in Blossom-end Rot Resistance in Tomato Cultivars is Associated with Total Ascorbate rather than Calcium Concentration in the Distal End Part of Fruits <i>per se</i>

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