Blooms of benthic dinoflagellates of the genus Ostreopsis; an increasing and ecologically important phenomenon on temperate reefs in New Zealand and worldwide

Morphological and genetic characterization of benthic dinoflagellates of the generaCoolia,OstreopsisandProrocentrumfrom the south-eastern Bay of Biscay

“…Ostreopsis cf. siamensis, which was considered to have a pantropical distribution, has also been recently found in many warm temperate areas, as reviewed by Shears & Ross (2009), and at higher latitudes in the Sea of Japan (Selina & Orlova, 2010). The observation of Ostreopsis in the present study is the northernmost record of this genus in the north-east Atlantic.…”

“…siamensis could proliferate in sheltered parts of the southeastern Bay of Biscay where water temperatures in hot summers can reach 25 C should not be excluded. Water motion seems to be a key factor in triggering blooms of Ostreopsis as the greatest abundances have been observed in sheltered places and after periods of calm water conditions (Shears & Ross, 2009;Totti et al, 2010). Some authors consider temperature to be a factor in bloom development (Aligizaki & Nikolaidis, 2006;Mangialajo et al, 2008), whereas for others this relationship is not so clear (Vila et al, 2001;Monti et al, 2007;Totti et al, 2010).…”

“…Gambierdiscus was first found in tropical and subtropical waters but has recently been reported from temperate waters of the Mediterranean Sea (Aligizaki & Nikolaidis, 2008) and the Canary Islands (Aligizaki et al, 2008b). Outside tropical and subtropical areas, Ostreopsis is very frequent and well-documented in the Mediterranean Sea (Vila et al, 2001;Turki, 2005;Aligizaki & Nikolaidis, 2006;Ciminiello et al, 2006;Mangialajo et al, 2008;Totti et al, 2010) and reports of blooms in temperate waters have increased in recent years (Shears & Ross, 2009;Rhodes, 2010). Coolia and Prorocentrum appear to be more widely distributed, extending to colder waters than Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis (Faust, 1991;Bravo et al, 2001;Levasseur et al, 2003;Nascimento et al, 2005;Maranda et al, 2007;Vale et al, 2009).…”

Cambios estacionales en conjuntos de dinoflagelados epifíticos cerca de la costa norte de la Península de Yucatán, Golfo de México

“…Ostreopsis species are usually a common component of the epiphytic assemblage in tropical and subtropical waters (Bomber et al, 1985(Bomber et al, , 1988Carlson & Tindall, 1985;Gillespie et al, 1985;Ballantine et al, 1988;Quod, 1994;Faust, 1996Faust, , 2004Faust et al, 1996Faust et al, , 2005Tindall & Morton, 1998;Rhodes et al, 2000;Turquet et al, 2001;Lenoir et al, 2004;Shears & Ross, 2009;Kim et al, 2011), including the Mediterranean Sea (Tognetto et al, 1995;Vila et al, 2001;Aligizaki & Nikolaidis, 2006;Totti et al, 2010). This fact may be explained by the preference of Ostreopsis species for a particular substrate.…”

Sanitary problems related to the presence of Ostreopsis spp. in the Mediterranean Sea: a multidisciplinary scientific approach

“…are unicellular epiphytic benthic dinoflagellates [1,2]: originally, they were thought to colonize only tropical and sub-tropical areas, but they are now being detected more and more frequently in temperate seas [3,4], suggesting their geographic spread in the benthic environment. Concern about the distribution of Ostreopsis is motivated by its high potential for toxicity [4].…”