“…(2010), the heritability value for the trait initial VB (IVB) was estimated to be between 0.62 and 0.92. In our study, similar estimates were found for VB, which suggest that, despite differences in genotype and the environment in which trees were grown, the date of budbreak remains a highly heritable trait, as suggested previously by Anderson & Seeley (1993).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The time of bloom is an important agronomic trait affecting seed and fruit development (Fan et al. , 2010), and is quantitatively inherited in the majority of fruit tree species (Anderson & Seeley, 1993).…”
Summary• The present study investigates the genetic determinism of bud phenological traits using two segregating F 1 apple (Malus · domestica) progenies.• Phenological trait variability was dissected into genetic and climatic components using mixed linear modeling, and estimated best linear unbiased predictors were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection. For flowering dates, year effects were decomposed into chilling and heat requirements based on a previously developed model.• QTL analysis permitted the identification of two major and population-specific genomic regions on LG08 and LG09. Both 'chilling requirement' and 'heat requirement' periods influenced flowering dates, although their relative impact was dependent on the genetic background. Using the apple genome sequence data, putative candidate genes underlying one major QTL were investigated. Numerous key genes involved in cell cycle control were identified in clusters within the confidence interval of the major QTL on LG09.• Our results contribute towards a better understanding of the interaction between QTLs and climatic conditions, and provide a basis for the identification of genes involved in bud growth resumption.
“…(2010), the heritability value for the trait initial VB (IVB) was estimated to be between 0.62 and 0.92. In our study, similar estimates were found for VB, which suggest that, despite differences in genotype and the environment in which trees were grown, the date of budbreak remains a highly heritable trait, as suggested previously by Anderson & Seeley (1993).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The time of bloom is an important agronomic trait affecting seed and fruit development (Fan et al. , 2010), and is quantitatively inherited in the majority of fruit tree species (Anderson & Seeley, 1993).…”
Summary• The present study investigates the genetic determinism of bud phenological traits using two segregating F 1 apple (Malus · domestica) progenies.• Phenological trait variability was dissected into genetic and climatic components using mixed linear modeling, and estimated best linear unbiased predictors were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection. For flowering dates, year effects were decomposed into chilling and heat requirements based on a previously developed model.• QTL analysis permitted the identification of two major and population-specific genomic regions on LG08 and LG09. Both 'chilling requirement' and 'heat requirement' periods influenced flowering dates, although their relative impact was dependent on the genetic background. Using the apple genome sequence data, putative candidate genes underlying one major QTL were investigated. Numerous key genes involved in cell cycle control were identified in clusters within the confidence interval of the major QTL on LG09.• Our results contribute towards a better understanding of the interaction between QTLs and climatic conditions, and provide a basis for the identification of genes involved in bud growth resumption.
“…Flowering date is considered to be both quantitatively inherited in most fruit tree species (Anderson and Seeley 1993) and highly heritable (Couranjou 1995 The large number of seedlings showing lower or higher values than their parents suggests the influence of the whole genetic background of the parents on the transmission of phenology traits, which should be taken into consideration when designing inter-variety crosses. This situation has been also described in other quantitative traits in apricot related to fruit quality (Salazar et al 2013).…”
Section: Inheritance and Correlations Of Phenological Traitsmentioning
Reproductive phenological traits of great agronomical interest in apricot species, including flowering date, ripening date and fruit development period, were studied during 3 years in two F 1 progenies derived from the crosses 'Bergeron' × 'Currot' (B × C) and 'Goldrich' × 'Currot' (G × C). Results showed great variability and segregation in each population, confirming the polygenic nature and quantitative inheritance of all the studied traits. Genetic linkage maps were constructed combining SSR and SNP markers, using 87 markers in the 'B × C' population and 89 markers in 'G × C'. The genetic linkage maps in both progenies show the eight linkage groups (LGs) of apricot, covering a distance of 394.9 cM in 'Bergeron' and of 414.3 cM in 'Currot'. The 'Goldrich' and 'Currot' maps were of 353.5 and 422.3 cM, respectively. The average distance obtained between markers was thus 7.59 cM in 'Bergeron' and 7.53 cM in 'Currot', whereas the 'Goldrich' and 'Currot' averages were 5.6 and 7.5 cM, respectively. According to the polygenic nature of the studied phenology traits, QTLs linked to flowering date, ripening date and the fruit development period were identified during the 3 years of the study in all LGs except for LG 8. Among the QTLs identified, major QTLs for flowering and ripening date and the fruit development period were identified in LG 4, especially important in the 'G × C' population.
“…Several genetic studies in Prunus have focused on understanding the genetic control of chilling (CR) and heat requirements (HR) contributing to the differences in BT (reviewed in Abbott et al, 2015). BT in Prunus is a quantitative trait with high heritability (Anderson and Seeley, 1993;Dirlewanger et al, 2012;Castède et al, 2014), and genetic approaches have led to the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with this trait. BT QTLs have been identified on all Prunus linkage groups (LGs) (reviewed in Salazar et al, 2014;Abbott et al, 2015), but major QTLs have been found on LG1 (Fan et al, 2010;Zhebentyayeva et al, 2014;Bielenberg et al, 2015) and LG4 (Sánchez-Pérez et al, 2012;Dirlewanger et al, 2012;Castède et al, 2014) in all the Prunus crop species evaluated to date.…”
Bloom time in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a highly heritable trait that varies between genotypes and depends on the environmental conditions. Bud-break occurs after chill and heat requirements of each genotype are fulfilled, and dormancy is released. Bloom time is a critical trait for fruit production as matching cultivar adaptation to the growing area is essential for adequate fruit set. Additionally, low chilling cultivars are of interest to extend sweet cherry production to warmer regions, and for the crop adaptation to increasing winter and spring temperatures. The aim of this work is to investigate the genetic control of this trait by analyzing multiple families derived from the low chilling and extra-early flowering local Spanish cultivar 'Cristobalina' and other cultivars with higher chilling requirements and medium to late bloom times. Bloom time evaluation in six related sweet cherry populations confirmed a high heritability of this trait, and skewed distribution toward late flowering, revealing possible dominance of the late bloom alleles. SNP genotyping of the six populations (n = 406) resulted in a consensus map of 1269 SNPs. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using the Bayesian approach implemented by FlexQTL™ software revealed two major QTLs on linkage groups 1 and 2 (qP-BT1.1m and qP-BT2.1m) that explained 47.6% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL on linkage group 1 was mapped to a 0.26 Mbp region that overlaps with the DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes. This finding is consistent with peach results that indicate that these genes are major determinants of chilling requirement in Prunus. Haplotype analysis of the linkage group 1 and 2 QTL regions showed that 'Cristobalina' was the only cultivar tested that contributed early bloom time alleles for these two QTLs. This work contributes to knowledge of the genetic control of chilling requirement and bloom date and will enable marker-assisted selection for low chilling in sweet cherry breeding programs.
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