Bloodstream Infection by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Two COVID-19 Patients after Receiving Supplementation of Saccharomyces in the ICU

Ventoulis, Ioannis; Sarmourli, Theopisti; Amoiridou, Pinelopi; Mantzana, Paraskevi; Exindari, Maria; Gioula, Georgia; Vyzantiadis, Timoleon‐Achilleas

doi:10.3390/jof6030098

Cited by 68 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The vast majority of these patients are suffering from COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) [ 3 ]. Other IFIs, including invasive candidiasis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are also reported but CAPA is the dominating IFI in critically ill COVID-19 patients [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. To date, only very few cases with mucormyosis are published [ 7 , 8 ] but none of them presented with pulmonary mucormycosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autopsy Proven Pulmonary Mucormycosis Due to Rhizopus microsporus in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with Underlying Hematological Malignancy

Zurl

Hoenigl

Schulz

et al. 2021

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Viral infections can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), consequently leading to susceptibility for secondary pulmonary infections. Over the past few weeks, a number of studies have reported on secondary pulmonary aspergillosis complicating severe COVID-19. We report the case of a 53-year old male patient with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who suffered from COVID-19 ARDS and was diagnosed postmortem with mucormycosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autopsy Proven Pulmonary Mucormycosis Due to Rhizopus microsporus in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with Underlying Hematological Malignancy

Zurl

Hoenigl

Schulz

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…S. cerevisiae infections in humans are very rare. However, blood stream infections due to S. cerevisiae have been reported in COVID-19 patients [ 106 ] In the West, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the fungus used most in food industries, e.g., fermented foods including wine, bread, chocolate, and beer [ 106 ]. S. cerevisiae is also used to produce biofuel [ 107 ], dietary supplements [ 108 , 109 ], and it provides cell factories that produce human insulin and other medications [ 110 ].…”

Section: Azole Resistance In Fungal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterol 14α-Demethylase Ligand-Binding Pocket-Mediated Acquired and Intrinsic Azole Resistance in Fungal Pathogens

Rosam

Monk

Lackner

2020

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The fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme sterol 14α-demethylase (SDM) is a key enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The binding of azoles to the active site of SDM results in a depletion of ergosterol, the accumulation of toxic intermediates and growth inhibition. The prevalence of azole-resistant strains and fungi is increasing in both agriculture and medicine. This can lead to major yield loss during food production and therapeutic failure in medical settings. Diverse mechanisms are responsible for azole resistance. They include amino acid (AA) substitutions in SDM and overexpression of SDM and/or efflux pumps. This review considers AA affecting the ligand-binding pocket of SDMs with a primary focus on substitutions that affect interactions between the active site and the substrate and inhibitory ligands. Some of these interactions are particularly important for the binding of short-tailed azoles (e.g., voriconazole). We highlight the occurrence throughout the fungal kingdom of some key AA substitutions. Elucidation of the role of these AAs and their substitutions may assist drug design in overcoming some common forms of innate and acquired azole resistance.

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“…Recently, Kluyveromyces marxianus (formerly Candida kefyr ) was recovered from the blood of an immunocompromised hematological patient with mucositis and history of frequent ingestion of dairy products [ 25 ]. Another report describes Saccharomyces cerevisiae causing fungemia in two COVID-19 patients receiving probiotic preparations with this yeast [ 26 ]. Wickerhamomyces myanmarensis , a close relative of W. anomalus , was recovered from the blood and central venous catheter of a 5.5-year-old boy and the episode was associated with consumption of honey, use of proton pump inhibitor, and gut mucosa inflammation [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Case of Fungemia by Wickerhamomyces anomalus in a Pediatric Patient Diagnosed in a Teaching Hospital from Brazil

Dutra

Silva

Oliveira

et al. 2020

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In recent decades, emerging fungal infections have changed the clinical mycology scenario as a consequence of the advances in medical diagnostics and therapeutic procedures, long hospitalization times, and the growing number of individuals with debilitating chronic diseases and impaired immune systems. This report presents a 19 months old Brazilian female patient who developed a severe fungal sepsis by an uncommon yeast. She was admitted at the intensive care unit with severe pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and weight-for-age z score of less than −2. She remained more than 30 days in the intensive care unit where she had a femoral venous catheter placement, enteral nutrition, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and prophylaxis with fluconazole. Moreover, pericardiocentesis was performed due to cardiac tamponade. She had a previous history of prematurity, cardiac surgery due to patent ductus arteriosus, and a long period of hospital stay. Despite the antifungal prophylaxis, two yeast isolates were recovered from blood and then identified by classical mycological methods and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing as Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Both isolates exhibited susceptibility to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole. Her clinical state worsened, presenting anasarca, epistaxis, and hemorrhagic suffusions in the mouth, sclera, oliguria, and bradycardia. Two days after the first positive culture, she presented a gradual reduction of the white blood cells count, with severe leukopenia and neutropenia. She died five days after.

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Bloodstream Infection by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Two COVID-19 Patients after Receiving Supplementation of Saccharomyces in the ICU

Cited by 68 publications

References 29 publications

Autopsy Proven Pulmonary Mucormycosis Due to Rhizopus microsporus in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with Underlying Hematological Malignancy

Autopsy Proven Pulmonary Mucormycosis Due to Rhizopus microsporus in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with Underlying Hematological Malignancy

Sterol 14α-Demethylase Ligand-Binding Pocket-Mediated Acquired and Intrinsic Azole Resistance in Fungal Pathogens

Fatal Case of Fungemia by Wickerhamomyces anomalus in a Pediatric Patient Diagnosed in a Teaching Hospital from Brazil

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