Bloodstain examination and DNA typing from hand-washed bloodstains on clothes

Nakanishi, Hiroyuki; Ohmori, Takeshi; Yoneyama, Katsumi; Hara, Masaaki; Takada, Aya; Saito, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101758

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Furthermore, even specificity is high as the cross-reaction with the blood of primates or other rare animals (ferrets, weasels, and badgers) does not seem to be a real concern. The positive identification of tiny, aged, or washed bloodstains instead appears to be more problematic; at the same time, both the chemicals employed in presumptive tests and other chemicals present in the substrate that can be co-eluted [19,21,22,37,39,47,50] have been found to cause false negative results. Therefore, it is precisely the occurrence of false negatives that needs to be carefully monitored and for which appropriate solutions have been developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, the intrinsic properties (size, aging, and preservation) of the stain make the IC assay infeasible, very problematic, or error-prone, making false-negative outcomes possible [19,21,22,37,40,47,50]. Although several approaches have been developed to overcome these situations in a well-defined set of bloodstains, other methods-based on molecular biology techniques-are available nowadays even if those innovative techniques do not belong to the "routine workflow", at least in most laboratories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a more recent study, Kulstain et al [40] showed that laundered blood-stained pieces of cloth were negatively assayed by IC testes, whereas DNA typing continued to provide positive outcomes. Similarly, Nakanishi et al showed that the reliability of IC tests was affected even by washing the stains in water at room temperature [50].…”

Section: Chemical Compounds and Washingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Detecting blood on laundered clothes is also tricky, as assessed in several studies [19,22,24,35,40,50]. Overall, the critical factor is the size of the bloodstain against the launder strength.…”

Section: Chemical Compounds and Washingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunochromatographic Detection of Human Blood: A Forensic Review

Cuttaia,

Di Stefano,

Sorçaburu Ciglieri

et al. 2024

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Body fluid identification is fundamental in forensic science as it links a specific biological source to a genetic profile, thus providing critical clues for crime scene reconstruction. Blood is one of the most common body fluids found on the crime scene, and several strategies have been developed for its identification in recent decades. Usually, after a preliminary (or presumptive) test to determine the presence of blood (both human and non-human), a confirmatory test is needed to prove that the sample is human blood. Out of the confirmatory tests, immunochromatographic (IC) assays are the most commonly and widely used. This work gives a review of the use of commercial kits specifically developed to detect human hemoglobin or glycophorin A (a surface protein of human red cells) in forensics. Claimed sensitivity varies broadly (ranging from 0.06 to 75 nanoliters of fresh blood), but different values (as low as 0.002 nL) were found during validation procedures. Specificities are high, and the possibility of cross-reaction (with the risk of false-positive results) is so low that it can be considered negligible. False-negative results, however, can be found due to the so-called “hook effect” as well as to the target degradation/modification, which interferes with the Ag-Ab binding. In addition, the chemical compositions of the presumptive test, detergents, and washing can also promote false negative outcomes in peculiar situations. Although IC assays are rapid, inexpensive, specific, and easy to use even on the crime scene, their major limitation is represented by the destructive approach required by this kind of confirmatory test. Since the final goal of the forensic investigation is the genetic typing of a bloodstain, we will describe the strategies developed for IC assays of faint stains as well as the strategies adopted to ensure that exactly the same sample undergoes human blood identification and DNA typing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Compounds and Washingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Chemical Compounds and Washingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunochromatographic Detection of Human Blood: A Forensic Review

Cuttaia,

Di Stefano,

Sorçaburu Ciglieri

et al. 2024

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“…From the query string "toxicology textile" no papers discussing toxicological analyses performed on clothes were noticed. Therefore, in literature, no studies of research of drugs on different clothes or textiles seemed to have been performed; experimental studies have been carried out on this type of substrate concerning only the presence of DNA traces on cotton cloths [11][12][13] and on polyester textiles [13], obtaining positive findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-related atmospheric agents and solubility: two parameters of validation in toxicological screening on clothing worn by skeletal remains

et al. 2023

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In forensic toxicology, when conventional matrices are no longer available, alternative matrices can be used to assess toxicological investigations. Clothes worn by skeletal remains may be a good unconventional matrix for toxicological analyses considering that they have absorbed decomposition fluids and blood from a body. We hypothesized a scenario in which a skeleton, wearing clothes, was discovered in an open environment. From this starting point, an experimental study was developed on different textiles (cotton, wool, and polyester) to evaluate whether water-related atmospheric agents and molecule solubility can largely influence the detection of molecules of toxicological interest on this specific matrix, together with the characteristics of different garments chosen. The experimental study was performed on blood spots, previously spiked with 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine, accurately placed on different textiles and washed with different quantities of deionized water adjusted at pH 5.6 with formic acid to simulate different rainfall conditions. Toxicological analyses were performed via Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry analyses (Thermo Scientific™ TSQ Fortis™ II Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer). From the experimental study morphine could not be detected on 100% cotton and 100% wool fabric after the passing of 500 mL of deionized water and in 100% synthetic polyester textile after washing with 250 mL of deionized water. In conclusion, when toxicological analyses are carried out on unconventional matrices as textiles worn by corpses exposed to different environmental conditions, it is of great importance, in using such substrates as evidence for the presence of molecules of toxicological interest, to evaluate chemical-physical characteristics of each analyte under investigation in order to correctly interpret the toxicological data obtained.

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