Blood Volume Expansion and Cardiorespiratory Function: Effects of Training Modality

Warburton, Darren E. R.; Haykowsky, Mark J.; Quinney, H. A.; Blackmore, Derrick; Teo, Koon K.; Taylor, Dylan; McGavock, Jonathan; Humen, Dennis P.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000128163.88298.cb

Cited by 102 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…After examining 10 investigations that reported absence of blood volum expansion after training, they contended that exercise training elicits blood volume expansion [5]. In brief, we agree with Sawka et al [5] and Warburton et al [32] that the above-mentioned discrepancies are likely related to differences in participant sampling, experimental conditions and/or the season in which the research was conducted. For example, 10 weeks of moderate swimming in rats increased iron status, Hb and HCT, while strenuous swimming caused the variables to change in the opposite direction [34].…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise Training On the Erythrocytic Systemsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, it has been found that both females and males exhibit similar erythrocytic adaptation to aerobic training. The total blood volume and erythrocyte volume in female endurance athletes were elevated compared to untrained controls [36], which was consistent with findings in males [32]. It is suggested that the typical response to endurance training is an increase in blood volume independent of gender [5].…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise Training On the Erythrocytic Systemsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…It has frequently been found that total blood volume, plasma volume and red cell volume expand after aerobic training [26,32], whereas others have reported no significant change in vascular volumes after training [5,33]. In 2000, Sawka et al [5] reported an extensive review of the literature pertaining to blood volume and its adaptations to exercise training.…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise Training On the Erythrocytic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Exercise Training on Red Blood Cell Production: Implications for Anemia

Hu¹,

Wei²

2012

Acta Haematol

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Exercise training can increase total Hb and red cell mass, which enhances oxygen-carrying capacity. The possible underlying mechanisms are proposed to come mainly from bone marrow, including stimulated erythropoiesis with hyperplasia of the hematopoietic bone marrow, improvement of the hematopoietic microenvironment induced by exercise training, and hormone- and cytokine-accelerated erythropoiesis. Anemia is one of the most common medical conditions in chronic disease. The effects of exercise training on counteracting anemia have been explored and evaluated. The results of the research available to date are controversial, and it seems that significant methodological limitations exist. However, exercise training might be a promising, additional, safe and economical method to help improve anemia. There is a need for further investigation into the effects of and guidelines for exercise interventions (especially strength training) in this population of patients, particularly among cancer patients who are undergoing or have undergone chemotherapy or radiation treatments. As the available data are limited, additional research to uncover the underlying mechanisms associated with the effects of exercise training on anemia is clearly warranted.

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Section: Effects Of Exercise Training On the Erythrocytic Systemsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Effects Of Exercise Training On the Erythrocytic Systemsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Effects Of Exercise Training On the Erythrocytic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Exercise Training on Red Blood Cell Production: Implications for Anemia

Hu¹,

Wei²

2012

Acta Haematol

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“…In fact, regular physical activity has been demonstrated to reduce abdominal adiposity and improve weight control (10)(11)(12), reduce triglyceride levels, increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-to-HDL ratios (10,13), ameliorate glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity (14), lower blood pressure (BP) (15,16), improve autonomic tone (17,18), balance blood coagulation (19,20), augment coronary blood flow (21), improve cardiac function (22,23) and enhance endothelial function (24)(25)(26). Moreover, physical activity seems to play a fundamental role in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD modulating chronic inflammation as demonstrated by high circulating levels of inflammatory mediators that have been shown to be directly associated with most of the chronic diseases (1,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights about the putative role of myokines in the context of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary cardiovascular prevention

et al. 2017

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Exercise training prevents the onset and the development of many chronic diseases, acting as an effective tool both for primary and for secondary prevention. Various mechanisms that may be the effectors of these beneficial effects have been proposed during the past decades: some of these are well recognized, others less. Muscular myokines, released during and after muscular contraction, have been proposed as key mediators of the systemic effects of the exercise. Nevertheless the availability of an impressive amount of evidence regarding the systemic effects of muscle-derived factors, few studies have examined key issues: (I) if skeletal muscle cells themselves are the main source of cytokine during exercise; (II) if the release of myokines into the systemic circulation reach an adequate concentration to provide significant effects in tissues far from skeletal muscle; (III) what may be the role carried out by muscular cytokine regarding the well-known benefits induced by regular exercise, first of all the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Furthermore, a greater part of our knowledge regarding myokines derives from the muscle of healthy subjects. This knowledge may not necessarily be transferred per se to subjects with chronic diseases implicating a direct or indirect muscular dysfunction and/or a chronic state of inflammation with persistent immune-inflammatory activation (and therefore increased circulating levels of some cytokines): cachexia, sarcopenia due to multiple factors, disability caused by neurological damage, chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) or coronary artery disease (CAD). A key point of future studies is to ascertain how is modified the muscular release of myokines in different categories of unhealthy subjects, both at baseline and after rehabilitation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the main findings on the role of myokines as putative mediators of the therapeutic benefits obtained through regular exercise in the context of secondary cardiovascular prevention.

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“…Adults with mental illnesses have a mortality rate more than double that of the general population 27,28 , and a reduced life expectancy of between 10 and 20 years 28,29 . Evidence suggests , hormone production 74 , and cardiac efficiency 75 , and reduces systemic inflammation -a known precursor of many chronic conditions 76,77 . PA lowers metabolic risk factors of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia in individuals without mental illness 78,79 ; these metabolic benefits of PA are similar for adults with mental illness 64,80 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and positively influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with mental illness

Chapman¹

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Background: Mental illness has a high global prevalence, and is associated with higher risk of chronic physical conditions, and reduced psychosocial functioning and life expectancy. Physical activity (PA) protects against chronic disease and mortality risk, and reduces depression and anxiety. Prolonged sedentary behaviour (SB) can have deleterious metabolic consequences, and may be associated with poor mental health.Accurate measurement of PA and SB is important for assessing health risk, and evaluating behaviour change interventions. Objective measures (e.g. accelerometers) allow for unbiased measurement, but do not assess the context of participation, which may be important for intervention planning. Questionnaires can assess context, however, they are prone to reporting errors. The feasibility of using these measures, and the impact of standard data management procedures, has not been assessed in adults with mental illness.PA interventions may positively influence PA levels of adults with mental illness. It is important to understand PA attitudes when designing interventions, as well as the acceptability and efficacy of different exercise approaches. Aims and objectives:The overarching aim of this PhD was to measure, understand, and positively influence the PA patterns of non-institutionalised adults with mental illness. Specific objectives were to: i) assess the utility of questionnaires and accelerometers for measuring PA and SB; ii) investigate questionnaire and accelerometer data management procedures; iii) measure PA and SB levels; iv) assess PA attitudes and opinions; and v) assess the feasibility and acceptability of two exercise protocols. Data from two research studies are presented in six thesis chapters. Study 1Design: Cross-sectional.Method: Participants were adult clients of mental health services. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires on the time spent in PA and SB in different contexts, wore an ActiGraph GT3x+ accelerometer on the hip for 7-days, and rated the ease/difficulty of completing the questionnaires and accelerometry. Participants also completed self-administered questionnaires on PA attitudes and opinions.Results: 142 participants completed the questionnaires (mean age=40yrs, female=43%); of these, 99 (70%) completed the accelerometry (mean age=40yrs, female=47%).ii Participants found it easier to report PA than SB, and to complete accelerometry than questionnaires. Defining a valid day of accelerometry using standard absolute criteria biased the sample by excluding participants with short waking hours; defining a valid day relative to waking hours prevented this bias. The median self-reported time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SB was 4.5 hours/week and 10.7 hours/day respectively. Walking for transport, and sitting to watch TV, contributed most to these self-report estimates. The median accelerometer-derived time spent in MVPA and SB was 26 minutes/day and 9.2 hours/day respectively; 7% of MVPA time was in bouts of 10 minutes or ...

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Blood Volume Expansion and Cardiorespiratory Function: Effects of Training Modality

Abstract: These data indicate that: 1) 12 wk of CONT and INT result in similar improvements in VO2max, and LV function and 2) training-induced hypervolemia accounts for approximately 47% of the changes in VO2max after CONT and INT.

Cited by 102 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Exercise Training on Red Blood Cell Production: Implications for Anemia

Effects of Exercise Training on Red Blood Cell Production: Implications for Anemia

New insights about the putative role of myokines in the context of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary cardiovascular prevention

Measuring and positively influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with mental illness

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