Blood volume and body fluid compartments in lambs with aortopulmonary left-to-right shunts.

Gratama, Jan W.; Dalinghaus, Michiel; Meuzelaar, J. J.; Gerding, A. M.; Koers, Jh; Zijlstra, W. G.; Kuipers, Jrg

doi:10.1172/jci116048

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

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“…However, the alterations in fluid compartment volumes in the hypoxemic lambs in our study are not readily explained by this mechanism. Water and salt retention is associated with an increase in total body water and V,,, whereas ViC is not decreased (19). In dogs with an experimental pulmonary stenosis, no signs of venous congestion or water and salt retention were found (20,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Body Fluid Compartment Volumes in Chronically Hypoxemic Lambs

et al. 1993

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ABSTRACT. Chronic hypoxemia is associated with a decreased growth rate and a decreased rate of cell division. In lambs with experimental cyanotic heart disease, the gain in body mass was decreased. In this study, we determined to what extent the lower body mass in these lambs was related to alterations in body fluid compartment volumes, specifically whether intracellular volume was decreased. Therefore, fluid compartment volumes were studied in nine lambs, after 3 to 4 wk of experimental cyanotic heart disease, and in 13 control lambs. Hypoxemic lambs had a lower arterial oxygen saturation (65 + 11 versus 91 2 2%, p < 0.001) and a higher Hb concentration (142 + 16 versus 101 + 8 g.L-', p < 0.001). The lower body mass in hypoxemic lambs (10.5 + 2.3 versus 13.0 + 2.8 kg) could be mainly accounted for by a decrease in intracellular water volume (4.7 + 1.3 versus 6.6 + 1.5 L, p < 0.01). Total body water (753 + 27 versus 780 + 40 mL.kg-') and extracellular water volume (307 + 25 versus 277 f 15 mL.kg-') in hypoxemic lambs were not significantly different from those in control lambs, but intracellular water volume was decreased (445 + 27 versus 501 + 35 mL.kg-', p < 0.01). The ratio of extracellular to intracellular water volume was higher in hypoxemic lambs (0.69 + 0.10 versus 0.55 2 0.04, p < 0.01). Blood volume was increased in hypoxemic lambs (121 + 29 versus 79 + 15 m L kg-', p < 0.01), mainly due to an increased total red cell volume (48 + 12 versus 22 + 8 mL. kg-',p < 0.001). We conclude that the lower body mass in hypoxemic lambs is mainly related to a lower intracellular water volume. These results and the increased ratio of extracellular to intracellular water volume can be explained by assuming a decreased growth of the intracellular compartment. In addition, a part of the (decreased) growth in hypoxemic lambs must be expended on increased erythropoiesis. (Pediatr Res 33: 267-272, 1993) Abbreviations V,,, extracellular water volume Vi,, intracellular water volume D20, deuteriumoxide i.m., intramuscularly Congenital heart disease is often associated with a decreased growth rate, characterized by a decreased gain in body mass and length (1-3). It seems to affect children with cyanotic heart disease more than children with noncyanotic heart disease (1-3). In young experimental animals exposed to various forms of chronic hypoxemia, a decreased body mass is a common finding (4-8). Based on studies in rats and mice, it has been suggested that a decreased rate of cell division is responsible for the growth retardation (4, 5).The volumes of body fluid compartments change during growth. Both V,, and V,, increase, but per-unit body mass total water and V,, decrease and Vi, increases (9, 10). This can in part be explained by a relatively faster growth of the intracellular compartment (9, 11). In chronic hypoxemia, therefore, body fluid compartment volumes may be altered by the effects of decreased growth.Another factor that may affect fluid compartment volumes is the effect of chronic hypoxemia on blood volume. Blood ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Body Fluid Compartment Volumes in Chronically Hypoxemic Lambs

et al. 1993

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Lower arterial glucose concentrations in lambs with aortopulmonary shunts after an 18-hour fast

et al. 1999

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Lactate kinetics at rest and during exercise in lambs with aortopulmonary shunts

Beaufort‐Krol

Zijlstra

Takens

et al. 1999

Journal of Applied Physiology

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In a previous study [G. C. M. Beaufort-Krol, J. Takens, M. C. Molenkamp, G. B. Smid, J. J. Meuzelaar, W. G. Zijlstra, and J. R. G. Kuipers. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 44): H1503-H1512, 1998], a lower systemic O2 supply was found in lambs with aortopulmonary left-to-right shunts. To determine whether the lower systemic O2 supply results in increased anaerobic metabolism, we used [1-13C]lactate to investigate lactate kinetics in eight 7-wk-old lambs with shunts and eight control lambs, at rest and during moderate exercise [treadmill; 50% of peak O2 consumption (VO2)]. The mean left-to-right shunt fraction in the shunt lambs was 55 +/- 3% of pulmonary blood flow. Arterial lactate concentrations and the rate of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) of lactate were similar in shunt and control lambs, both at rest (lactate: 1, 201 +/- 76 vs. 1,214 +/- 151 micromol/l; Ra = Rd: 12.97 +/- 1.71 vs. 12.55 +/- 1.25 micromol. min-1. kg-1) and during a similar relative workload. We found a positive correlation between Ra and systemic blood flow, O2 supply, and VO2 in both groups of lambs. In conclusion, shunt lambs have similar lactate kinetics as do control lambs, both at rest and during moderate exercise at a similar fraction of their peak VO2, despite a lower systemic O2 supply.

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Blood volume and body fluid compartments in lambs with aortopulmonary left-to-right shunts.

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Body Fluid Compartment Volumes in Chronically Hypoxemic Lambs

Body Fluid Compartment Volumes in Chronically Hypoxemic Lambs

Lower arterial glucose concentrations in lambs with aortopulmonary shunts after an 18-hour fast

Lactate kinetics at rest and during exercise in lambs with aortopulmonary shunts

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