“…For many years, the threshold generally used to guide transfusion practice was a hemoglobin concentration of 10 g/dL and a hematocrit of 30 %, the so-called 10/30 rule, derived from John Lundy's clinical experience in the 1940s [2]. Transfused blood was considered a perfect substitute for blood loss and a powerful treatment for anemia, with all its adverse consequences [3]. Nevertheless, the risks related to blood transfusion were well recognized, including errors in crossmatching, risks of transmission of pathogens, transfusionassociated circulatory overload (TACO), storage-lesion consequences, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), and transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM), which may be associated with an increased incidence of infectious complications.…”