Blood test shows high accuracy in detecting stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Background: In a previous study (Goebel et. al, Cancer Genomics Proteomics 16:229-244, 2019), we identified 33 biomarkers for an early stage (I-II) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) test with 90% accuracy, 80.3% sensitivity, and 95.4% specificity. For the current study, we used a narrowed ensemble of 21 biomarkers while retaining similar accuracy in detecting early stage lung cancer. Methods: A multiplex platform, 486 human plasma samples, and 21 biomarkers were used to develop and validate our algorithm which detects early stage NSCLC. The training set consisted of 258 human plasma with 79 Stage I-II NSCLC samples. The 21 biomarkers with the statistical model (Lung Cancer Detector Test 1, LCDT1) was then validated using 228 novel samples which included 55 Stage I NSCLC. Results: The LCDT1 exhibited 95.6% accuracy, 89.1% sensitivity, and 97.7% specificity in detecting Stage I NSCLC on the blind set. When only NSCLC cancers were analyzed, the specificity increased to 99.1%.Conclusions: Compared to current approved clinical methods for diagnosing NSCLC, the LCDT1 greatly improves accuracy while being non-invasive; a simple, cost-effective, early diagnostic blood test should result in expanding access and increase survival rate.

Embracing enzyme promiscuity with activity-based compressed biosensing

“…For example, a diagnostic activity-sensor library could be extracted from the universal library by defining disease-specific target proteases ideally in pathologies that can be diagnosed using blood or plasma samples, such as coagulation disorders 55 or cancer. 56 , 57 While in vitro protease activity measurements may not fully account for the dynamic states of proteases in vivo , 58 future work could improve this by creating more robust in vitro tests that sample proteases under multiple states (e.g., redox, fluid dynamics, etc.) or developing in vivo tests that isolate the activity from individual proteases.…”

Embracing enzyme promiscuity with activity-based compressed biosensing

“…From this library, various sub-libraries targeting different groups of proteases could be extracted on a perapplication basis. For example, a diagnostic activity-sensor library could be extracted from the universal library by defining disease-specific target proteases ideally in pathologies that can be diagnosed using blood or plasma samples, such as coagulation disorders 61,62 or cancer 63,64 .…”

“…From this library, various sub-libraries targeting different groups of proteases could be extracted on a per-application basis. For example, a diagnostic activity-sensor library could be extracted from the universal library by defining disease-specific target proteases ideally in pathologies that can be diagnosed using blood or plasma samples, such as coagulation disorders 61, 62 or cancer 63, 64 . While in vitro protease activity measurements may not fully account for the dynamic states of proteases in vivo 65,66 , future work could improve this by creating more robust in vitro tests that sample proteases under multiple states (e.g., redox, fluid dynamics, etc.)…”

Photodynamic Theranostics of Central Lung Cancer: Capabilities of Early Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Therapy (Review)

“…Moreover, currently, no studies on early CLC diagnosis are being carried out. The techniques based on the analysis of blood samples and inhaled air; which are now at a developmental stage, can appear interesting from the point of view of mass survey [ 11 , 12 ]. However, since the methods are unable to detect lesion sites, these methods should be followed by certain imaging techniques anyway.…”