Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord: Anatomic and Physiologic Correlations

Brockstein, Bruce; Johns, Lydia; Gewertz, Bruce L.

doi:10.1007/bf02133005

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It has a diameter of 0.5–1.0 mm5 and almost always arises in the thoracolumbar region, between T8 and L2 in 75% of cases 6 8–10. It has, however, been identified as superiorly as T5 and as inferiorly as L4 4. In 80% of cases, it is found in the left side.…”

Section: Arterial Blood Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiculomedullary arteries are further divided into anterior and posterior radiculomedullary arteries based on whether they supply the anterior or posterior spinal arteries, respectively (figure 2). The average number of anterior radiculomedullary arteries is 6 (range 2–14)3 4 whereas the number of posterior radiculomedullary arteries varies from 11 to 16 5…”

Section: Arterial Blood Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Djindjan, other small contributors may arise from the costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk and, to a lesser extent, the ascending cervical artery. The ascending cervical artery usually supplies branches to the midcervical cord (C4–C6), and the deep cervical artery supplies the segmental arteries at C7 and C8 4. The radiculomedullary arteries (feeder arteries) branch in a ‘Y’ or ‘T’ shape in the cervical region.…”

Section: Arterial Blood Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular anatomy of the spinal cord

Santillán

Nacarino²,

Greenberg³

et al. 2011

J NeuroIntervent Surg

117

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Section: Arterial Blood Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arterial Blood Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arterial Blood Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular anatomy of the spinal cord

Santillán

Nacarino²,

Greenberg³

et al. 2011

J NeuroIntervent Surg

117

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“…Along its long course, additional blood supply to the ASA originates from anterior radiculomedullary arteries. Blood supply to the ASA via radiculomedullary arteries originates from three major regions: cervicothoracic, midthoracic and thoracolumbar [9][10][11][12][13]. ASA supplies the ventral surface of the medulla and the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 48% of patients with untreated AVMs of the spinal cord were confined to bed or wheelchair within 3 years of symptom onset, and complications of Short Communication Da-Ming Wang cord. The radiculomedullary arteries are further divided into anterior radiculomedullary arteries (average number is 7-8, range from 2 to 15), and posterior radiculomedullary arteries (average number is 15, range from 10 to 25) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusively Epidural Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation: A Short Review

Wang¹,

Wang²

2017

Neuropsychiatry

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The incidence of exclusively epidural spinal arteriovenous malformation (EESAVM) is extremely low and there are only a few case-reports in literature. Early, correct recognition of the pathology is mandatory to halt the progression of the disease and minimize permanent spinal cord injury. This review depicts EESAVM's characteristics, from the aspect of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and outcome. EESAVMs are located entirely in the epidural space and fed by radicular vessels or segmental arteries. The nidus of EESAVM purely locates in the spinal epidural space. The drainage of nidus flows into the epidural venous plexus or intradural vein. The retrograde blood flow from the AVM results in a diminished intramedullary blood flow and symptoms due to spinal cord ischemia and myelopathy. There is no gender predilection (male 52.9%), age distribution by the time of diagnosis shows most cases are younger than 20-year (64.7%), most cases present as spontaneous epidural hematoma (64.7%), and the majority of those lesions are located on cervicothoracic junction or upper thoracic segment (75%). Generally, the clinical presentation of EESAVM is slighter than intradural/intramedullary AVMs. Unruptured EESAVM may symptomless, or present as protracted, progressive neurological decline. Ruptured EESAVM may present acute back or thoracic pain subsequently with paraplegia. Epidural haemorrhage is common and urgent condition for EESAVM. Up to now, spinal angiography remains the gold standard and the first choice for diagnosis and characterization of spinal vascular lesion. The best management for EESAVM is still surgical operation. Prompt diagnosis and emergency surgical treatment are crucial. Long-term functional prognosis of EESAVM is good, but delayed surgical operation leave residual symptoms.

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