“…These include preoperative autologous blood donation, preoperative use of erythropoietin, acute normovolemic hemodilution, perioperative blood salvage, pharmacological treatment (antifibrinolytic drugs, desmopressin and anti-inflammatory agents), hypotensive anesthesia, surgical techniques, acceptance of minimal hemoglobin levels and blood substitutes. 2,6 One attractive alternative to allogenic RBCs is synthetic blood substitutes, which can be applied independently of blood-group typing. 7 Currently, research on blood substitutes is centering on synthetically manufactured perfluorocarbons and hemoglobin solutions, i.e.…”