Blood serotonin levels in postmenopausal women: Effects of age and serum oestradiol levels

Gonzales, Gustavo F.; Carrillo, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(93)90120-7

Cited by 96 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…On the other hand, the blood serotonin level may be the determining factor. Several studies have reported on the inverse relationship between blood estrogen and blood serotonin levels (62)(63)(64)(65). Estrogen is known to be essential for the maintenance of the skeleton (66).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Serotonin Receptors in Bone

Westbroek¹,

Plas²,

Rooij³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

190

138

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The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2B , and 5-HT 2C belong to a subfamily of serotonin receptors. Amino acid and mRNA sequences of these receptors have been published for several species including man. The 5-HT 2 receptors have been reported to act on nervous, muscle, and endothelial tissues. Here we report the presence of 5-HT 2B receptor in fetal chicken bone cells. 5-HT 2B receptor mRNA expression was demonstrated in osteocytes, osteoblasts, and periosteal fibroblasts, a population containing osteoblast precursor cells. Pharmacological studies using several agonists and antagonists showed that occupancy of the 5-HT 2B receptor stimulates the proliferation of periosteal fibroblasts. Activity of the 5-HT 2A receptor could however not be excluded. mRNA for both receptors was shown to be equally present in adult mouse osteoblasts. Osteocytes, which showed the highest expression of 5-HT 2B receptor mRNA in chicken, and to a lesser extent osteoblasts, are considered to be mechanosensor cells involved in the adaptation of bone to its mechanical usage. Nitric oxide is one of the signaling molecules that is released upon mechanical stimulation of osteocytes and osteoblasts. The serotonin analog ␣-methyl-5-HT, which preferentially binds to 5-HT 2 receptors, decreased nitric oxide release by mechanically stimulated mouse osteoblasts. These results demonstrate that serotonin is involved in bone metabolism and its mechanoregulation.The main highly differentiated cell types in bone tissue are the osteoclast, the osteoblast (OB), 1 and the osteocyte (OCY). Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells of hemopoietic origin and are related to the monocyte/macrophage (1, 2, 3). Osteoblasts on the other hand are of mesenchymal stock. Their stem and progenitor cells are present in the periosteum, endosteum, and bone marrow stroma (4). Osteocytes differentiate from osteoblasts. During the process of bone formation, a number of cells from the osteoblast layer is encapsulated in the newly formed bone matrix, whereas the other cells retract with the bone formation front. The cells that are incorporated in the bone matrix change from a cuboidal into a more stellate-shaped morphology and become osteocytes. The result of this process is a three-dimensional cellular network of osteocytes within the mineralized matrix connected to each other and to the bone surface cells by thin cell processes (5).Together these three cell types produce, maintain, and adapt or repair, if necessary, the mineralized bone matrix. Osteoclasts are capable of bone resorption, osteoblasts of bone formation. The function of osteocytes is less well understood. Because of their location within the bone matrix, osteocytes are in a prime position for the detection of mechanical inadequacies of the tissue. They are believed to act as sensor cells that translate mechanical stimuli resulting from gravitational and muscular forces on the skeleton into biochemical signals. These biochemical signals in turn activate the effectors of bone turnover, osteoclasts...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Serotonin Receptors in Bone

Westbroek¹,

Plas²,

Rooij³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

190

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Agerelated decline in cortical 5-HT 2A binding in living healthy subjects is supported by PET imaging with [ Wong et al 1984). Also, both aging and postmenopausal decreases in estrogen levels may contribute to alterations in circulating 5-HT and central 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors densities in women (Biver et al 1996; Frankfurt et al 1994;Gonzales and Carillo 1993;Zhang et al 1994). A decline in 5-HT function with aging is consistent with observations of age-related changes in behaviors, such as sleep, that are linked to serotonergic function (DeKosky and Palmer 1994;Myers and Badia 1995;Sharpley et al 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Serotonin in Aging, Late-Life Depression, and Alzheimer's Disease: The Emerging Role of Functional Imaging

Meltzer

Smith

DeKosky

et al. 1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

457

240

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(5-HT) neuron and neurotransmitter loss in normal aging and neuropsychiatric diseases of late life may contribute to behavioral changes commonly observed in the elderly population. Extensive evidence implicates a deficit in serotonergic neurotransmission in the development of major depression. It has been further suggested that the agerelated changes in 5-HT neurons may predispose the elderly to develop depression. There is also increasing evidence that a combination of disturbances in cholinergic and serotonergic function may play a role in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with serotonergic dysfunction potentially responsible for a significant portion of the behavioral aspects of the disease. This implication of the 5-HT system in aging and age-related cognitive and mood disorders rests in large part on post mortem studies and animal models, which are limited in their capacity to predict dynamic human biochemical-behavior relationships or to accurately model the living human brain. Initial applications of functional brian imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) in the in vivo study of the brain in aging, depression, and dementia focused on characterizing alterations in physiological measurements of cerebral metabolism and perfusion. However, recent advances in PET radiochemistry, instrumentation, and image processing have paved the way for noninvasive means to test specific hypotheses regarding the direct involvement of 5-HT neurons in the behavioralMajor depression in late life and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are disorders of enormous and increasing public health significance. The prevalence of major depression is estimated at 1% to 10% of persons 60 years of age or older, whereas depressive symptoms may occur in up to 20% (Blazer et al. 1987; Borson et al. 1986; Casey 1994). Substantially higher rates of both major and minor depressions occur among institutionalized aged persons (Parmelee et al. 1989). Furthermore, the rate of suicide in this age group is higher than at any other Address correspondence to: Carolyn Cidis Meltzer, M.D., University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PET Facility, B-938, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582. Received March 6, 1997 accepted October 3, 1997. 408 C.C. Meltzer et al.N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1998 -VOL . 18 , NO . 6 stage of life (Casey 1994). Psychosocial issues such as bereavement, disability, and declining health may serve as contributing factors in the development of geriatric depression (Casey 1994;Gilewski et al. 1991;Kennedy et al. 1991). Ad is truly a disorder of aging, with an incidence of 5% in persons older than 65 years and doubling of disease prevalence every 5 years after age 65; affected individuals represent 20% to 50% of the population after age 80 (Cross and Gurland 1986) (Evans et al. 1989). Costs associated with dementia burden exceed $90 billion annually in the United States (Ernst and Hay 1994). Depression is commonly seen in AD patients and may further interfere with cognitive function, as well as substantially...

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“…They indicated that in ovariectomised women, serum serotonin concentration were inversely associated with age. On the other hand, in women with different blood estradiol concentration, a direct association was found between blood estradiol and blood serotonin concentrations (17). Latest neurobiological studies reveal that serotonin is the neurotransmitter mainly concerned in the pathogenesis and improves the menopausal depression (11).…”

Section: Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Hormonal and Neurochemical Changes and Depression With Menopausal STATUS: A Systematic Review

Chashmposh¹,

Shirali²,

Ebrahimi³

et al. 2015

Women's Health Bull

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Context:Menopause is characterized by amenorrhea and increase in the level of Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) due to the permanent cessation of ovarian function. This process causes changes in hormonal and other serum markers. Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disabilities in women. Objectives: The aim of this review was to investigate the correlation between hormonal and petrochemical changes and depression with menopausal status. Data Sources: We searched in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus, Embase, the reference lists of all related studies and major relevant review articles from 1960 to October 2014, and also abstracts from associated congresses and meetings, using terms related to hormonal and serum markers, depression and its symptoms. Study Selection: The survey included prospective, retrospective and case-control studies. The selected studies explored menopause in study population and investigated variables and different markers in depression or anxiety, as well as those measuring depression or anxiety intensity. Data Extraction: Items for which data were extracted included the date and place of publication, study design, sources, human species, age, control groups, selection and appraisal methods, outcome measurement tools, and author's conclusions. One investigator (Mostafa Chashmposh) collected the relevant reports, whereas two other authors independently reviewed the published data and reported different hormonal markers related to depression as evaluated by different studies. Disagreements were resolved by the fourth reviewer's decision. Results:The period of menopause is mostly associated with a gradual decline of estrogen activity and increased secretion of nocturnal melatonin. During menopausal transition, overnight cortisol levels were associated with changes in estrone glucuronide, testosterone, and FSH levels. In addition, whole blood serotonin concentration is reduced during menopause. Furthermore, lipid markers including total and LDL cholesterol levels increase during perimenopause. Moreover, plasma Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) concentration decreases significantly in postmenopausal period. Based on different studies, the reduction of hormones including estrogen, serotonin and BDNF during menopause are associated with depression in women. Further studies documented the relationship between depressed mood symptoms and cortisol levels. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that transition to menopause and its changing hormonal and other serum markers are strongly associated with depressed mood among women.

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Blood serotonin levels in postmenopausal women: Effects of age and serum oestradiol levels

Cited by 96 publications

References 11 publications

Expression of Serotonin Receptors in Bone

Expression of Serotonin Receptors in Bone

Serotonin in Aging, Late-Life Depression, and Alzheimer's Disease: The Emerging Role of Functional Imaging

Correlation Between Hormonal and Neurochemical Changes and Depression With Menopausal STATUS: A Systematic Review

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