Blood Sampling in Newborns

Abstract

Objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of YouTube videos showing neonatal blood sampling, and to evaluate pain management and comforting interventions used. Selected videos were consumer- or professional-produced videos showing human newborns undergoing heel lancing or venipuncture for blood sampling, videos showing the entire blood sampling procedure (from the first attempt or puncture to the time of application of a cotton ball or bandage), publication date prior to October 2014, Portuguese titles, available audio. Search terms included "neonate," "newborn," "neonatal screening," and "blood collection." Two reviewers independently screened the videos and extracted the following data. A total of 13 140 videos were retrieved, of which 1354 were further evaluated, and 68 were included. Videos were mostly consumer produced (97%). Heel lancing was performed in 62 (91%). Forty-nine infants (72%) were held by an adult during the procedure. Median pain score immediately after puncture was 4 (interquartile range [IQR] = 0-5), and median length of cry throughout the procedure was 61 seconds (IQR = 88). Breastfeeding (3%) and swaddling (1.5%) were rarely implemented. Posted YouTube videos in Portuguese of newborns undergoing blood collection demonstrate minimal use of pain treatment, and maximal distress during procedures. Knowledge translation strategies are needed to implement effective measures for neonatal pain relief and comfort.

Development and evaluation of an educational video for families on the relief of acute pain in babies

“…Pain management in babies has spread more and more with great assistance impacts but, when it comes to expanding it to the family members, or the use of strategies that enable the participation of families in the care of babies' pain, this scenario is poorly consolidated. In a systematic review of videos on YouTube available in Portuguese that showed collection of neonatal blood samples to assess pain management and the comforting measures used, it was verified that, of 68 videos included in the study, heel puncture was performed in 62 and 49 babies were held by an adult during the procedure; however, the breastfeeding and swaddling measures were rarely implemented, 3% and 1.5% respectively, showing that the treatment of pain and suffering in NBs during the procedures is still insufficiently practiced (15) .…”

Seja Doce com os Bebês: avaliação de vídeo instrucional sobre manejo da dor neonatal por enfermeiros

“…Divergent results were evidenced in a review study that included 68 videos in Portuguese also available on the YouTube platform, in which newborns underwent blood sampling through venipuncture or heel lancing. The authors concluded that most of the painful procedures were performed without any analgesia, with breastfeeding and swaddling being used in only 3% and 1.5% of the cases, respectively (15) . These results also reinforce the importance of using quality instructional videos developed by safe sources and in partnership with professionals, parents and researchers for KT of neonatal pain management.…”

“…However, recent studies have sought to overcome these barriers with regard to KT to nursing professionals and students. Some examples include the development of an online course named "Programa de Avaliação da Dor Neonatal" (Neonatal Pain Assessment Program) (14) , as well KT strategies targeted at parents addressed in studies that evaluated videos available online on neonatal pain management (15)(16) .…”