Blood Responses of Calves Fed Milk Substitutes Containing Hydrolyzed Fish Protein and Lime-Treated Corn Flour

Abstract

Two experiments involving 3- to 5-d-old dairy calves were carried out. In Experiment 1, lime-treated corn flour (Nixtamal) supplied 50 to 100% of carbohydrates in a milk substitute based on sodium caseinate, lard, and cerelose. In Experiment 2, partially hydrolyzed fish protein concentrate replaced 50% of 67% of proteins in milk substitutes based on skim milk powder, lard, and 35% Nixtamal. Increasing the proportion of carbohydrates supplied by Nixtamal was associated with a linear decrease of postprandial serum glucose and insulin. Postprandial fluctuations in blood glucose were less in calves fed Nixtamal than in controls. Nixtamal probably was trapped within the casein clot in the abomasum, leading to delayed rate of passage of Nixtamal carbohydrates into the intestine. Replacing skim milk protein with hydrolyzed fish protein in diets containing Nixtamal had no effect on blood glucose or insulin but elevated free essential amino acids, which promoted glucagon secretion. More uniform concentrations of blood essential amino acids and glucose were related to lower blood urea at 54 d in calves fed diets based on hydrolyzed fish protein and Nixtamal, than that of control calves. It is suggested that more uniform postprandial blood glucose concentrations might reduce amino acid degradation for energy purposes and stimulate protein synthesis. Young dairy calves may adapt to milk substitutes based on Nixtamal and hydrolyzed fish protein despite changes in the concentration patterns of several blood components.

Substituição do Milho pela Farinha de Varredura (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) na Ração de Bezerros Holandeses.: 1. Desempenho e Parâmetros Sangüíneos

“…A raça holandesa tem sido selecionada, principalmente, para altas produções de leite. Esta seleção resultou em uma base genética relativamente estreita, comparada com raças especializadas para corte, que acarretou para os novilhos holandeses, em um consumo alimentar e ganho diário mais consistentes e previsíveis ao longo do período alimentar, tornando mais fácil o manejo nutricional (Grant et al, 1993).…”

“…Todavia, os valores observados no presente experimento foram superiores aos de Park (1985), que utilizou bezerros holandeses com 100 kg de peso vivo submetidos a uma dieta com 12% de proteína bruta e encontrou 8,0 mg de uréia/100 mL e 75,8 mg de glicose/ 100 mL. Diaz-Castaneda & Brisson (1989) observaram, em bezerros holandeses com aproximadamente 60 dias de idade, alimentados com rações contendo 28,7% de proteína bruta, níveis de uréia variando de 11 a 18 mg/100 mL e de glicose de 65 a 85 mg/100 mL. Neathery et al (1991) encontraram valores de 32,4% de hematócrito e 102 mg de glicose/100 mL e 11,2 mg uréia/100 mL em bezerros holandeses alimentados com rações com 21,0% de proteína bruta, com 124 kg de peso vivo e 1,18 kg/dia de ganho de peso.…”

Production of Fish Protein Hydrolysates with Bacterial Proteases; Yield and Nutritional Value

“…Fish protein hydrolysate is used as a basic ingredient in commercial milk substitutes in France. Nutritional studies with calves have shown that up to two thirds of the milk protein in skim milk based substitutes could be replaced by hydrolyzed fish proteins without negative effects on growth or feed efficiency of the animals (Diaz-Castaiieda and Brisson, 1987), despite changes in the pattern of several blood components (Diaz-Castafieda and Brisson, 1989). In periods of high skim milk prices, the economic advantage of using hydrolyzed fish proteins could be substantial.…”

Effects of Hydrolyzed Spray Dried Red Blood Cells in Milk Replacer on Calf Intake, Body Weight Gain, and Efficiency

“…Furthermore, availability of edible-grade milk proteins may decline in the future as use of these proteins in human foods increases. Alternative protein ingredients, including soy (15,17,28), wheat protein (3,27), fish protein (7,8,13), and potato protein (3), have been evaluated and incorporated into some CMR.…”