Blood-related proteomics

High Abundance Proteins: Proteomer’s Thorns in the Flesh?

“…Identification of low-abundance proteins is one of the major challenges in Proteomics because of the high dynamic range of the protein concentration in the biological samples [1]. Therefore, one of the prime objectives of the proteomers is to reduce the dynamic protein concentration range to shed a light on the "low-abundance proteome" or sometimes referred as "Hidden Proteome" [2].…”

“…One of the major reasons of this limited resolution, during total proteome analysis, is the presence of high-abundance proteins which occupies a major portion of the cell/ tissue proteome. Albumin in blood [1], RuBisCO in green leaves [5], and storage proteins in seeds, tubers, and roots [6] are some of the common examples of the high-abundance proteins in the biological samples. These high abundance proteins are products of the genes which are present in large copy numbers and inevitably impede the identification and characterization of low abundance proteins.…”

Impact of the depletion of high-abundance proteins in blood plasma/serum on the proteome of these media in growing farm animals

“…A high salt content and a large disproportion between low-and high-abundance proteins are the main factors responsible for the difficulty in fully characterizing the serum/plasma proteome. The wide dynamic range in the abundance of plasma/serum proteins may be greater than 10 orders of magnitude (12)(13)(14). These disproportions are more dramatic in young animals, and especially in neonates.…”

“…The aforementioned proteins dominate in the 2D gels and mask the presence of proteins that may have a similar isoelectric point or molecular weight, thereby lowering protein resolution on the gel and limiting the ability to analyze the entire proteome. The remaining 10% are low-abundance proteins, whose concentration is very low and changes markedly in response to regulatory factors (12)(13)(14). Therefore, the most crucial step in the proteomic analysis is proper plasma/ serum sample preparation including depletion of highabundance proteins (13).…”

Proteomic mining of the red blood cell: focus on the membrane proteome

“…Indeed, no review produced to date compiles the information concerning protein identifications (and classification) together with the correspondent accession number (e.g., UniProt, International Protein Index) in the different studies, including very interesting recently published reviews [32][33][34][35].…”