Blood Redistribution and Circulatory Responses to Submaximal Arm Exercise in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

Hopman, Maria T. E.; Monroe, M. B.; Dueck, C. A.; Phillips, William; Skinner, Jane

doi:10.1080/003655098444101

Cited by 51 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This greater long-term adaptation in PAthl with AMP/PM is probably due to their ability to walk and, in some cases, participation in a standing sport. The reduced SV observed in the PAthl with SCI compared to those with AMP/PM during exercise was most likely due to a reduction in their cardiac preload as a result of chronic venous blood pooling in the lower extremities (Hopman, 1994;Hopman et al, 1998;Jacobs et al, 2002;Theisen, 2012) and reduction in blood volume (Kinzer and Convertino, 1989;Houtman et al, 2000). These data and the related equations show that PAthl with SCI rely on peripheral adaptations to exercise to increase their VO 2peak to a greater extent than PAthl without SCI.…”

Section: Relationship Between Peak Aerobic Power and Stroke Volumementioning

confidence: 68%

“…Reduced SV was also evident in trained individuals with complete SCI between T6 and T12 compared to those who were wheelchair dependent due to permanent hip or knee injuries (Hopman et al, 1993). The primary reason for the reduced SV in individuals with SCI, particularly those with cervical and high thoracic lesions, is: (1) reduction in cardiac preload resulting from "venous blood pooling" in the abdomen and/or lower extremities, due to the absence of the skeletal muscle pump and vasoconstriction below the level of lesion (Hopman, 1994;Hopman et al, 1998); (2) reliance on relatively small upper body muscles during exercise (Theisen, 2012); and (3) reduced blood volume (Houtman et al, 2000). However, it should be noted that in individuals with a SCI above T4, blood volume significantly increases with lower limb functional electrical stimulation cycling training (Houtman et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Exercise Stroke Volume and Its Prediction From Oxygen Pulse in Paralympic Athletes With Locomotor Impairments: Cardiac Long-Term Adaptations Are Possible

et al. 2020

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The determinants of cardiac output (CO) during exercise, i.e., stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR), could differ in Paralympic athletes (PAthl) with spinal cord injury (SCI) with respect to PAthl with locomotor impairments caused by different health conditions (HCs). The purposes of the present study were the comparisons of two groups of PAthl, one with SCI and the other with either amputation (AMP) or post poliomyelitis syndrome (PM), assessing the (1) peak cardiorespiratory responses and determinants (SV and HR) of CO during maximal and submaximal arm cranking exercise (ACE), respectively; (2) correlations between peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak) and the highest SV obtained during submaximal exercise; and (3) correlations between oxygen pulse (O 2 pulse, ratio between VO 2 and HR) and both SV and O 2 arterio-venous difference [(a-v)O 2 diff]. Each athlete (19 PAthl with SCI, 9 with AMP, and 5 with PM) completed a continuous incremental cardiopulmonary ACE test to volitional fatigue to assess peak responses. In a different session, CO was indirectly measured through carbon dioxide (CO 2) rebreathing method at sub-maximal exercise intensities approximating 30, 50, and 70% of the VO 2peak. There were no significant differences between the PAthl groups in age, anthropometry, and VO 2peak. However, peak HR was significantly lower, and peak O 2 pulse was significantly higher in PAthl with AMP/PM compared to those with SCI. During sub-maximal exercise, PAthl with AMP/PM displayed significantly higher SV values (154.8 ± 17.60 ml) than PAthl with SCI (117.1 ± 24.66 ml). SV correlated significantly with VO 2peak in both PAthl with SCI (R 2 = 0.796) and AMP/PM (R 2 = 0.824). O 2 pulse correlated significantly with SV in both PAthl with SCI (R 2 = 0.888) and AMP/PM (R 2 = 0.932) and in the overall sample (R 2 = 0.896). No significant correlations were observed between O 2 pulse and (a-v)O 2 diff. It was concluded that in PAthl with different Bernardi et al.

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Section: Relationship Between Peak Aerobic Power and Stroke Volumementioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Exercise Stroke Volume and Its Prediction From Oxygen Pulse in Paralympic Athletes With Locomotor Impairments: Cardiac Long-Term Adaptations Are Possible

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, pneumatic compression devices may improve local perfusion by enhancing venous and lymphatic drainage with consequent relief of mild, otherwise subclinical, ischemia. In this context, muscle hypoxia may reflect the relationship between RLS/PLM and SCI because muscle paralysis induced by SCI may lessen the demand for oxygen and because hypokinetic circulation can lead to reduced O 2 and CO 2 transport due to the absence of the skeletal muscle pump and the disruption of vasomotor control during rest [19]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Muscle Fibers in Rats with Limb Movements during Sleep after Spinal Cord Injury

et al. 2012

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Background/Aims: Previous studies have demonstrated that spinal cord injury (SCI) results in changes in sleep patterns through increased arousals and limb movements during sleep. Dramatic changes in muscle myosin heavy-chain isoforms have also been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of muscle fibers after SCI in rats with limb movements during sleep. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: SHAM, SCI 3, 7 and 15 days. Animals were subjected to electrode insertion surgery, 24-hour baseline sleep recording, SCI, and subsequent sleep recording for 3, 7, or 15 consecutive days. In addition, the gastrocnemius muscle and spinal cord were collected for histopathological/histochemical analyses. Results: Our results indicate a rapid and progressive decrease in the cross-sectional area of type I fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle (35.76–24.74 µm²) after SCI. Additionally, we found SCI-induced changes in sleep patterns. Following SCI, we also observed limb movements in sleeping rats, as well as significant negative moderate correlations between type I fibers and limb movement. Conclusion: Our study strengthened the hypothesis by correlation between changes in types of muscle fiber (decline in type I fibers) and an increase in limb movements during sleep after SCI.

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Thermoregulatory Considerations for the Performance of Exercise in SCI

Brunt

2016

The Physiology of Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury

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Blood Redistribution and Circulatory Responses to Submaximal Arm Exercise in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of Exercise Stroke Volume and Its Prediction From Oxygen Pulse in Paralympic Athletes With Locomotor Impairments: Cardiac Long-Term Adaptations Are Possible

Assessment of Exercise Stroke Volume and Its Prediction From Oxygen Pulse in Paralympic Athletes With Locomotor Impairments: Cardiac Long-Term Adaptations Are Possible

Characteristics of Muscle Fibers in Rats with Limb Movements during Sleep after Spinal Cord Injury

Thermoregulatory Considerations for the Performance of Exercise in SCI

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