Blood, race and indigenous peoples in twentieth century extreme physiology

Heggie, Vanessa

doi:10.1007/s40656-019-0264-z

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Humans reside at high altitude in each continent; notably, the majority of humans at high altitude live in non-Western countries. As with medical research generally ( 11 ), high-altitude research has focused on the lowlander of European descent ascending to high altitude ( 12 ). Select permanent high-altitude populations have been studied, with considerable differences in physiological measures reported ( 1 ); however, the populations studied represent just a fraction of humans at high altitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and country-level estimates of human population at high altitude

Tremblay

Ainslie

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

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Estimates of the global population of humans living at high altitude vary widely, and such data at the country level are unavailable. Herein, we use a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to quantify human population at 500-m elevation intervals for each country. Based on georeferenced data for population (LandScan Global 2019) and elevation (Global Multiresolution Terrain Elevation Data), 500.3 million humans live at ≥1,500 m, 81.6 million at ≥2,500 m, and 14.4 million at ≥3,500 m. Ethiopia has the largest absolute population at ≥1,500 m and ≥2,500 m, while China has the greatest at ≥3,500 m. Lesotho has the greatest percentage of its population above 1,500 m, while Bolivia has the greatest at ≥2,500 m and ≥3,500 m. High altitude presents a myriad of environmental stresses that provoke physiological responses and adaptation, and consequently impact disease prevalence and severity. While the majority of high-altitude physiology research is based upon lowlanders from western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries ascending to high altitude, the global population distribution of high-altitude residents encourages an increased emphasis on understanding high-altitude physiology, adaptation, epidemiology, and public health in the ∼500 million permanent high-altitude residents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and country-level estimates of human population at high altitude

Tremblay

Ainslie

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

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“…Ongoing colonial activities of Europeans fostered the popularity of environmentalist views of race, especially in discussions on acclimatization (Livingstone, 1987;Heggie, 2019). The main question about acclimatization was whether the European body can preserve its health when relocated to another abnormal (tropical or extreme) non-European environment (Livingstone, 1991).…”

Section: Environmentalist Views On Race In Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the human microbiome tell us something about race?

Delgado

Baedke

2021

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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This paper critically discusses the increasing trend in human microbiome research to draw on the concept of race. This refers to the attempt to investigate the microbial profile of certain social and ethnic groups as embodied racial traits. Here, race is treated as a necessary category that helps in identifying and solving health challenges, like obesity and type-2 diabetes, in ‘western’ or indigenous populations with particular microbial characteristics. We are skeptical of this new environmentalist trend to racialize human bodies due to two reasons: (i) These race studies repeat outdated historical narratives, which link especially nutrition and race in ways that are prone to stir stereotypical and exclusionary views on indigenous groups. (ii) The concept of biological race used here is taxonomically problematic and conceptually inconsistent. It leads to a view in which human races are constituted by other non-human species. In addition, this approach cannot group biological individuals into human races and decouples races from ancestry. To support this critique, we draw on case studies of microbiome research on indigenous groups in Latin America.

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“…Schneider (2016) claimed that within each race, there is considerable variation among individuals in their sensitivity to heat and in their ability to acclimate. Race and place remain intertwined in assumptions about the way human bodies respond to their environments (Heggie 2019). The comfort of workers at the household level where they rest helps reduce the health impacts of heat (Frimpong 2015).…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Ergonomics

2017

Human Factors in Control Room Design

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Peer review declarationThe publisher (AOSIS) endorses the South African 'National Scholarly Book Publishers Forum Best Practice for Peer Review of Scholarly Books'. The manuscript underwent an evaluation to compare the level of originality with other published works and was subjected to rigorous two-step peer review before publication, with the identities of the reviewers not revealed to the editor(s) or author(s). The reviewers were independent of the publisher, editor(s), and author(s). The publisher shared feedback on the similarity report and the reviewers' inputs with the manuscript's editor(s) or author(s) to improve the manuscript. Where the reviewers recommended revision and improvements, the editor(s) or author(s) responded adequately to such recommendations. The reviewers commented positively on the scholarly merits of the manuscript and recommended that the book be published.v Research justificationThis book focuses on the environmental ergonomics of restaurant kitchens and the challenges related hereto in a semi-tropical city, Durban, from a chef's perspective. It establishes the urgent need for commercial kitchens to be conducive to the wellbeing of kitchen workers, as heat illness is unreported in this industry. This research is relevant from occupational health and safety point of view. It evaluates the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters such as heat, ventilation and humidity, noise and lighting in kitchens, and it is cognisant that with different cuisines, the kitchen loads are different. The goal of occupational safety is health intervention for worker comfort to enhance work performance. The book generates new knowledge regarding the factors affecting the body mass index of kitchen workers, prediction of heat and humidity near cooking stoves, discomfort near ovens, lighting in preparation areas and factors affecting reaction to stove noise. The book implements an exploratory design with multiple-case studies. The manuscript is structured into broad chapters on heat, ventilation and humidity, noise and lighting. Data analysis is an essential component of new knowledge, and a detailed description will promote certain research concepts among scholars to acquire research skills. The themes move from the hospitality industry in general and narrow down to commercial kitchens and specifically aim at students learning and training in culinary skills. The book accordingly scrutinises theory in respect of the relationship between individual differences and contextual components, and it factored these into controlled heat in a work environment and other IEQ parameters. This book advances existing physical conditions, as well as physiological and psychological influences of these parameters in commercial kitchens on worker relief-seeking behaviour adaptations. A ground-breaking new framework that optimises workstation comfort levels of kitchen workers is presented, hence offering insightful environmental contributions to improve commercial kitchen design and awareness among kitchen designers, erg...

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Blood, race and indigenous peoples in twentieth century extreme physiology

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Global and country-level estimates of human population at high altitude

Global and country-level estimates of human population at high altitude

Does the human microbiome tell us something about race?

Environmental Ergonomics

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