Blood pressure responses to high-calcium skim milk and potassium-enriched high-calcium skim milk

Green, Hilary; Richards, Jillian K.; Bunning, Richard

doi:10.1097/00004872-200018090-00020

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although saturated fat intakes remained marginally higher than the recommended maximum of 10% energy from saturated fat, there was no evidence of a blood-pressure-lowering effect of milk supplementation even after adjusting for dietary factors. Therefore, although our results contrast with several short-term intervention studies in both normotensive (Van Beresteijn et al, 1990;Buonopane et al, 1992;Hilary Green et al, 2000) and hypertensive individuals (Hilary Green et al, 2000), they are consistent with the results from a meta-analysis indicating that increasing dietary calcium has a negligible effect on lowering blood pressure (Dickinson et al, 2006). An unexpected finding in our study was the significant (3.9-6.8 mm Hg) increase in SBP and DBP in both groups after 2 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Long-term effect of calcium-vitamin D3 fortified milk on blood pressure and serum lipid concentrations in healthy older men

Daly

Nowson

2009

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Some epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that increased dairy consumption or calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation can have a beneficial effect on blood pressure, and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of calcium-vitamin D 3 fortified milk on blood pressure and lipid-lipoprotein concentrations in community-dwelling older men. Subjects/Methods: This is a substudy of a 2-year randomized controlled trial in which 167 men aged 450 years were assigned to receive either 400 ml per day of reduced fat (B1%) milk fortified with approximately 1000 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D 3 or to a control group receiving no additional fortified milk. Weight, blood pressure, lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured every 6 months. Participants on lipid-lowering (n ¼ 32) or antihypertensive medication (n ¼ 39) were included, but those who commenced, increased or decreased their medication throughout the intervention were excluded (n ¼ 27). Results: In the 140 men included in this study (milk, n ¼ 73; control, n ¼ 67), there were no significant effects of the calciumvitamin D 3 fortified milk on weight, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations at any time throughout the intervention. Similar results were observed after excluding men taking antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medication or limiting the analysis to those with baseline calcium intakes o1000 mg per day and/or with hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D o75 nmol/l). Conclusions: Supplementation with reduced-fat calcium-vitamin D 3 fortified milk did not have a beneficial (nor detrimental) effect on blood pressure, lipid or lipoprotein concentrations in healthy community-dwelling older men.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Long-term effect of calcium-vitamin D3 fortified milk on blood pressure and serum lipid concentrations in healthy older men

Daly

Nowson

2009

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…From the 31 remaining studies, nine were not retained as they did not include the necessary quantitative information, or the eligibility of published results could not be assessed. In another study, relative changes in SBP between intervention and placebo arms were not available [18]. Six additional studies were excluded as recruited participants were under antihypertensive medication during the trial.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio in the reduction of blood pressure

Binia

Jaeger²,

Hu³

et al. 2015

Journal of Hypertension

210

141

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Potassium supplementation is associated with reduction of blood pressure in patients who are not on antihypertensive medication, and the effect is significant in hypertensive patients. The reduction in blood pressure significantly correlates with decreased daily urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and increased urinary potassium. Patients with elevated blood pressure may benefit from increased potassium intake along with controlled or decreased sodium intake.

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“…Earlier feeding studies have shown that supplementation of usual diet with dairy products may reduce BP. [25][26][27] In the DASH trial, a combination diet that was rich in fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products with low saturated and total fat reduced SBP and DBP by 5.5 and 3.0 mm Hg more, respectively, compared to the control diet, whereas the corresponding BP reduction were 2.8 and 1.1 mm Hg more for the fruits and vegetables diet alone. 11 A more profound BP reduction with the addition of 2 servings/d of low-fat dairy products, along with other aspects of the combination diet, was observed both in subjects with hypertension and in those without hypertension.…”

Section: Wang Et Al Dairy Intake and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake of Dairy Products, Calcium, and Vitamin D and the Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women

et al. 2008

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Abstract-Prospective data on the associations between intake of dairy products and its nutrient components with risk of hypertension remain limited. We therefore investigated the associations of intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D with the incidence of hypertension in a prospective cohort of 28 886 US women aged Ն45 years. Intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D at baseline were assessed from semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Incident cases of hypertension (nϭ8710) were identified from annual follow-up questionnaires during 10 years of follow-up. After adjusting for major hypertension risk factors, the relative risks of incident hypertension across increasing quintiles of low-fat dairy product intake were 1.00 (reference), 0. Key Words: diet Ⅲ dairy products Ⅲ calcium Ⅲ vitamin D Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ women Ⅲ population study P revious studies have suggested an inverse association of dairy product consumption with metabolic syndrome, 1 type 2 diabetes, 2 and cardiovascular disease. 3 These potential benefits of dairy consumption are usually attributed to major nutrients in dairy products such as calcium. High calcium intake decrease levels of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-(OH) 2 vitamin D and thus reduce calcium influx from outside the cell. 4 Reduced intracellular calcium may stimulate lipolysis and inhibit lipogenesis, 5 promote insulin-stimulated signal transduction, 4 and suppress vascular smooth muscle tone. 6 Because vitamin D is critical for calcium absorption and homeostasis, 7 the metabolism of these 2 nutrients are intimately interrelated.Population studies on the associations between dairy product consumption and the incidence of hypertension or increase in blood pressure (BP) have been limited to children, 8 young adults, 1,9 and adults in Mediterranean countries, 10 with results generally suggesting an inverse association. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial has demonstrated that a combined diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and low in total and saturated fat effectively reduced BP in subjects with and without hypertension, and the BP lowering effects of the combined diet with emphasis on dairy consumption were more profound compared with a diet rich in fruits and vegetables alone. 11 To provide further evidence on the potential role of dairy consumption in prevention of hypertension, we examined the prospective associations between intake of dairy products, from both high-fat and low-fat food sources, as well as the major nutrient components in dairy products, calcium and vitamin D, with the risk of hypertension in a large cohort of middle-aged and older US women. Methods Study PopulationThe Women's Health Study (WHS) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2ϫ2 factorial trial evaluating the risks and benefits of low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. 12 A third component, ␤-carotene, was initially included in the trial but terminated after a median treatme...

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Blood pressure responses to high-calcium skim milk and potassium-enriched high-calcium skim milk

Abstract: High-calcium milk enriched with potassium has a small hypotensive effect in healthy people aged over 40 years.

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Long-term effect of calcium-vitamin D3 fortified milk on blood pressure and serum lipid concentrations in healthy older men

Long-term effect of calcium-vitamin D3 fortified milk on blood pressure and serum lipid concentrations in healthy older men

Daily potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio in the reduction of blood pressure

Dietary Intake of Dairy Products, Calcium, and Vitamin D and the Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women

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