Blood pressure levels and hypertension status among ethnic groups in England

Abstract

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension show wide variability among different ethnic groups in the UK. We combined data collected annually between 1991-1996 in the Health Surveys for Englandnationwide surveys that provide information on the health status in a representative sample of the population living in England, to compare blood pressure (BP) levels, hypertension rates (systolic BP у160 mm Hg or diastolic BP у95 mm Hg, or those on antihypertensive medication), hypertension treatment and control rates in people of white, black (combining black-Caribbean, black-African and black-other), and South Asian origin (combining Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis). Analyses were stratified into two age groups, 16-39 (younger) and у40 years (older), but were focused on older adults (30 619 whites, 295 blacks and 529 South Asians).Age-adjusted mean BP levels and hypertension rates

Is the blood pressure of South Asian adults in the UK higher or lower than that in European white adults? A review of cross-sectional data

“…[4][5][6][7]10,12 Four study [4][5][6]10 samples were based on general practices lists. Two studies 3,8 were factory based, two were from the health surveys for England, 13,14 one was based on postcode sectors, 9 one was based on office staff, 12 one was based on a health authority register used for a health and lifestyle survey, 11 and one was general practice and factory based. 7 Most studies had broad aims relating to a range of cardiovascular risk factors.…”

“…7 Most studies had broad aims relating to a range of cardiovascular risk factors. Name analysis, [7][8][9][10][11] selfreported origin, 3,6,8,11,13,14 country of birth, [5][6][7] and parental origin 6,11 were the usual indicators of ethnicity. The age range varied widely.…”

“…8 The largest, most representative and most up-to-date study was the Health Survey for England 1999. 14 Table 2 shows that blood pressure was measured in three studies in hospital clinics, 4,10,11 one study in a health center, 6 four studies in participants' own homes, 5,9,13,14 one study in a work place and hospital clinic, 7 and three studies in a workspace. 3,8,12 In six studies, participants' blood pressures were measured with a random zero sphygmomanometer.…”

“…Totally, 12 studies were examined. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] One author 10 supplied unpublished data.…”

Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

“…After contacting three authors to request additional data [11][12][13] and after full text review, the search resulted in 11 eligible articles (Figure 1). [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The EMBASE and Google Scholar search did not yield additional articles.…”