Blood Pressure in the Internal Spermatic Artery of the Ram

Waites, G. M. H.; Moule, G. R.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0010223

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This must also explain the characteristic speed and fidelity with which the temperature deep in the testis followed variations in the temperature of the scrotal subcutaneous tissue in these experiments (Text-figs. 1 and 2) and in experiments on conscious rams (Moule & Knapp, 1950;Moule & Waites, …”

Section: Temperature Changes Central To the Spermatic Cordmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Relation of Vascular Heat Exchange to Temperature Regulation in the Testis of the Ram

Waites¹,

Moule²

1961

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Section: Temperature Changes Central To the Spermatic Cordmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4). No attempt has been made to exclude other factors that might limit heat loss from the artery, although the haemodynamic consequences of its length in the ram have been considered previously (Waites & Moule, 1960).…”

Section: Unpublished Observations)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Vascular Heat Exchange to Temperature Regulation in the Testis of the Ram

Waites¹,

Moule²

1961

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109

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“…The testicular and epididymal veins in the ram join together to form a plexus of small multiple inter-connecting venous channels massaged by the pulse of the long, coiled internal spermatic artery which they surround (Waites & Moule, 1960). The samples were drawn from 1 to 3 large inter-connecting veins which drain the pampiniform plexus (Fig.…”

Section: Glucose and Oxygen Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow and the uptake of glucose and oxygen in the testis and epididymis of the ram

Setchell¹,

Waites²

1964

The Journal of Physiology

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An earlier study (Annison, Scott & Waites, 1963) on the oxidative metabolism of the testis and epididymis of the anaesthetized ram revealed that there were considerable arterio-venous differences of glucose and oxygen. It was recognized, however, that the proper evaluation of these results was limited because no estimate of blood flow was made during the collection of the blood samples on which the arterio-venous differences were based. The size, vascular anatomy and accessibility of the testis in the ram should permit the estimation of blood flow without radical surgical interference. Venous plethysmography would require considerable dissection to exclude the blood flow through the scrotum, and even temporary venous stasis is inadvisable in metabolic studies; measurement of the arterial inflow would be difficult because the artery is small and surrounded by veins (Bimar, 1888). Measurement of the venous outflow was therefore undertaken. Thermal-dilution methods could not be used because of counter current heat exchange between the testicular vessels in the spermatic cord (Harrison & Weiner, 1949;Dahl & Herrick, 1959;Waites & Moule, 1961). The diffusion method for organ blood flow, initially using 4-amino-antipyrine (Huckabee & Walcott, 1960) and later tritiated water, has been used to examine the effects of posture and pentobarbitone anaesthesia on testicular metabolism.

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“…Several functions have been assigned to this intimate association between the testicular artery and the pampiniform plexus, viz. temperature regulation of the testicular blood (Waites and Moule 1961), a reduction of the testicular arterial pulse (Waites and Moule 1960), transfer of gas from the testicular artery to the pampiniform plexus and transfer of steroids from the pampiniform plexus to the testicular artery (Free et al 1973;Jacks and Setchell 1973;Cooper and Waites 1974;Bayard et al 1975;Dierschke et al 1975;Free and Jaffe 1975;Amann and Ganjam 1976;Hess et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angioarchitecture of the human spermatic cord

Ergün

Bruns

Soyka

et al. 1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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Human spermatic cords were investigated by means of cast preparations, light-microscopic examination and computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections of paraffin-embedded material. After leaving the testis, the testicular veins formed two principal groups co-existing side by side. Numerous veno-venous anastomoses could be observed within each individual group, whereas only a few mutual intergroup anastomoses were found. The testicular artery ran within one group but showed no close topographical relationship to the other group. Light microscopy of the serial sections revealed that the group of veins with no close topographical relationship to the testicular artery ran at a distance of several centimeters embedded within fatty tissue. With the help of computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstructions, a spatial picture of the vascular organization was obtained. These results allowed the following classification of the veins of the pampiniform plexus. Group-I veins formed a tight plexus around the testicular artery by means of veno-venous anastomoses. Group-II veins formed veno-venous anastomoses between each other and ran over at a sizeable distance embedded in fatty tissue but showed no close topographical relationship to the testicular artery. Group-III vessels formed veno-venous anastomoses between group-I and group-II. Group IV veins formed arterio-venous anastomoses with the testicular artery. Based on the differences in wall structure and diameter, a subclassification in group-I and group-II was undertaken. This organization of the veins of the human pampiniform plexus should further the understanding of physiological processes, such as the transfer of hormones and other substances from the veins to the testicular artery and vice versa. It should also facilitate the tracing of the veins during antegrade sclerosing.

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Blood Pressure in the Internal Spermatic Artery of the Ram

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Relation of Vascular Heat Exchange to Temperature Regulation in the Testis of the Ram

Relation of Vascular Heat Exchange to Temperature Regulation in the Testis of the Ram

Blood flow and the uptake of glucose and oxygen in the testis and epididymis of the ram

Angioarchitecture of the human spermatic cord

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