Blood pressure in relation to relative weight at birth through childhood and youth in obese and non-obese adult men

Schack-Nielsen, Lene; Holst, Claus; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802166

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although Schack-Nielsen et al 24 found no direct association between low birth weight and raised blood pressure in early life among cohorts, we did find that the postnatal weight gain relative to birth weight and the current 3-year-old child's weight significantly affects the risk of having higher blood pressure early in life. It is already well known that obesity is associated with hypertension, as a result of high levels of low-density lipoproteins and low levels of high-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance and increased endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

Effect of postnatal catch-up growth on blood pressure in children at 3 years of age

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

Effect of postnatal catch-up growth on blood pressure in children at 3 years of age

et al. 2007

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“…However, this relationship was only significant when adjusted for current BMI. 18 In a study of very young children, Whincup et al 19 reported a graded inverse relationship of birth weight with BP in children aged 3 years. For each kilogram increase in birth weight, there was a decrease in SBP of 1.91 mm Hg and a decrease in DBP of 1.42 mm Hg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Birth Weight on Blood Pressure and Body Size in Early Adolescence

2004

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Abstract-The fetal programming theory that birth weight contributes to blood pressure or body size in later life is examined in this study. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on subjects who were examined as newborns and prospectively interviewed and re-examined at 11 to 14 years old. Low birth weight (Ͻ2500 g) was present in 36% of the sample. The adolescent examination included measurements of blood pressure (BP), both auscultation and oscillometric methods; anthropometrics (height, weight, and body mass index [BMI]); health status; and health behaviors. Data were analyzed on 250 subjects. Correlation coefficients of birth weight with all BP measures were nonsignificant, except for the last auscultated diastolic BP (rϭ0.19, PϽ0.01), which had a positive relationship. The simple correlation coefficients of birth weight with adolescent body size were significant and positive for weight and BMI. After multiple linear regression analyses with adjustments for age, Tanner stage, and gestational age, there was no significant effect of birth weight on adolescent weight or BMI. No significant correlations were detected for ponderal index at birth with adolescent measures. This study, which includes a substantial portion of low-birth-weight cases (36%), indicates that birth weight does not correlate negatively with later BP. These results do not support the low-birth-weight theory and indicate that childhood factors that are more proximal have a greater effect on adolescent BP than intrauterine factors. Key Words: blood pressure Ⅲ adolescence C ardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. These disorders emerge from an interplay of genetic and environmental factors and appear to be rooted in childhood. A number of publications have reported data supporting an additional causal theory, in which an interaction of the intrauterine nutritional environment with fetal growth also contributes to expression of cardiovascular disease in later life. According to this theory, an impaired intrauterine environment that deprives the fetus of optimal nutrient delivery programs the fetus to express, in later life, ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and stroke. 1-3 Suboptimal intrauterine nutrition would restrict fetal growth and result in lower birth weight. Thus, low birth weight has become the clinical marker of a suboptimal intrauterine environment and a possible risk factor for future chronic disease.Despite the appeal of this novel hypothesis, it still lacks complete scientific evidence in humans. There is a substantial body of retrospective data from the Barker group 4 and elegant experimental investigations in animals 5 that support the fetal programing theory. However, data from epidemiological and clinical investigations have not consistently supported the theory. A significant inverse relationship between birth weight and blood pressure (BP) has been reported from several studies. 6 -8 In children, some investigators have detected a de...

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“…3 Some studies show that a statistically significant relation only exists when current weight and body mass index are adjusted for. 16 When accounting for the effect of publication bias in addition to the effect of adjusting for current weight, an update of the aforementioned meta-analysis estimated that the effect of birth weight on systolic blood pressure was reduced to a 0.4-mm Hg decrease for 1-kg increase in birth weight. 4 A criticism made of many published studies has been the failure to further adjust for potential confounders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Weight and Blood Pressure in Childhood

2005

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Abstract-Findings of previous reports relating low birth weight with raised blood pressure in childhood and adolescence have been inconsistent. The present study uses cross-sectional data from a series of nationally representative annual surveys-the Health Survey for England-between 1995 and 2002, totaling a sample of 15 629 children aged 5 to 15. A significant negative relationship between birth weight, in quartiles or dichotomized as low (Ͻ2.5 kg) and normal (Ն2.5 kg) and systolic blood pressure was apparent. Linear regression analyses confirmed these findings. When current weight was included in the model, the strength of the relationship increased. An interaction term between birth weight and current weight was not significant. A life-course plot for those aged 13 to 15 (nϭ3900), converting the weight measurements at birth and as a teenager to standard deviation scores to make the regression coefficients comparable, showed the importance of weight gain on blood pressure (1 standard deviation increase in weight from birth to age 13 to 15 was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure of 0.8 mm Hg). Separating those with low and normal birth weight demonstrated that the increase in weight from birth to adolescence had an effect on blood pressure in both those with low and normal birth weight. Postnatal changes in size have a more important effect on blood pressure in childhood and adolescence than birth weight. Reducing the prevalence of overweight among children may reduce their systolic blood pressure importantly and, particularly among children with lower birth weight, the prevalence of hypertension later in life.

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Blood pressure in relation to relative weight at birth through childhood and youth in obese and non-obese adult men

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of postnatal catch-up growth on blood pressure in children at 3 years of age

Effect of postnatal catch-up growth on blood pressure in children at 3 years of age

Effect of Birth Weight on Blood Pressure and Body Size in Early Adolescence

Birth Weight and Blood Pressure in Childhood

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