Blood pressure in a national birth cohort at the age of 36 related to social and familial factors, smoking, and body mass.

Wadsworth, Michael; Cripps, H. A.; Midwinter, R. E.; Colley, J. R. T.

doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6508.1534

Cited by 142 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[64][65][66][67] In a study from was associated with systolic BP in men only, in keeping with the Whitehall findings. 48 Men who had the US relative weight-adjusted BP was inversely related to parental occupation in black but not white attained a higher social class than their parents had higher pressures than those who retained the social children. 64 In Nigeria, an unadjusted inverse association between parental SES and systolic BP was class of their parents.…”

Section: Grade Occupation Ethnic Group Psycho-social Andmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Of 41 reports from developed countries which included reported in either sex in six of these studies and an In a Swedish study adjustment for treatment rates increased the SES differential in systolic BP. 36 In men 15,23,47,48,70,71 and the remainder either did not report sex-specific estimates or a difference between Paris treatment rates increased with occupational status but this did not account for the observed SES the sexes (Table 2). In developing or undeveloped countries, a direct association is more often found.…”

Section: Grade Occupation Ethnic Group Psycho-social Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…54 None of the other ferences in BP were lowest in low stress areas. 95 These findings are consistent with an interaction studies in Table 2 examined this effect. between an environmental factor associated with low SES and a susceptibility gene that has a higher Early life effects: Lower birthweight is associated with higher adult BP 48,87,88 and in some studies with prevalence in persons with darker skin colour. 27 However, in the Three Area Stroke study as skin colhigher BPs during childhood.…”

Section: Grade Occupation Ethnic Group Psycho-social Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-economic status and blood pressure: an overview analysis

Colhoun

Hemingway²,

Poulter³

1998

J Hum Hypertens

346

269

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Background: Mortality rates from hypertension relatedThe finding of an SES gradient in BP, despite adjusting for treatment in some studies and the lack of consistent diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, stroke and end stage renal disease show SES differences in hypertension treatment rates, makes differential treatment an unlikely explanation for the SES an inverse association with socio-economic status (SES). gradient in BP. A substantial part of the SES gradient was accounted for by the SES gradient in body mass Objectives: To review the published literature in order to assess whether (i) there is an association between index. Alcohol consumption across SES groups accounted for part of the association in men though few SES and blood pressure (BP), and if so whether this is explained by (ii) SES differences in treatment rates, or studies examined this issue specifically. In contrast, in undeveloped or developing countries a direct associ-(iii) SES differences in established risk factors for hypertension, or (iv) psycho-social factors associated ation between SES and BP has often been found which may reflect a higher prevalence of obesity, and higher with SES. Method: A narrative systematic review of published artsalt and alcohol intakes among those of higher SES. The SES differences in BP were not detectable in most studicles identified from a MEDLINE search from 1966-1996 and manual searching of the retrieved articles' biblioies in children. There is little evidence that adverse psycho-social factors associated with low SES cause graphies. Results: Lower SES was associated with higher mean chronic elevations in BP. Conclusion: A major challenge in reducing the SES BPs in almost all studies in developed countries. This inverse gradient was both stronger and more consistgradient in BP is to understand and prevent the SES differences in obesity, which are particularly large in ently found in women than in men. The magnitude of the association varied but generally was quite small, women. Future research should be directed to this question. with age adjusted mean systolic BP differences of about 2-3 mm Hg between the highest and lowest SES groups.

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Section: Grade Occupation Ethnic Group Psycho-social Andmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Grade Occupation Ethnic Group Psycho-social Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Grade Occupation Ethnic Group Psycho-social Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Socio-economic status and blood pressure: an overview analysis

Colhoun

Hemingway²,

Poulter³

1998

J Hum Hypertens

346

269

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The second measurement of blood pressure was used in the analysis, using a correction factor for arm circumference (Maxwell et al, 1981). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure Z140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure Z90 mmHg, or if the survey member was taking medication for hypertension (Wadsworth et al, 1985).…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood and adult dietary vitamin E intake and cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life in the 1946 British Birth Cohort

et al. 2003

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Objectives: To determine whether dietary vitamin E intake in childhood or mid-life was predictive of adult hypertension and high waist circumference, as two important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Design: Longitudinal study of a social class stratified random sample of all the legitimate, singleton births in the week of 3-9 March 1946. Settings: England, Scotland and Wales. Subjects: The 2980 survey members who provided information on diet, health and sociodemographic information at two time points; age 4 y in 1950 (24-h dietary recall) and 43 y in 1989 (48-h dietary recall). Main outcome measures: Outcomes were adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension and high waist circumference at age 43 y by thirds of vitamin E intake, relative to the highest intake thirds at both ages. Results: The lowest consumers of vitamin E in both childhood and adulthood were more likely to be hypertensive (OR 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-3.08) and have high waist circumference (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.02-2.43) than those consuming high levels at both ages. A low intake of vitamin E at just one time point was not associated with a statistically significant increased risk of hypertension or high waist circumference. Social class was also an independent and equally strong predictor of these coronary risk factors, indicating that the relation between social class and cardiovascular risks was not mediated solely by the current measures of diet and lifestyle. Conclusions: Unique data on vitamin E intake from foods in both childhood and adulthood have indicated that relatively low intake of vitamin E at both ages predicted hypertension and high waist circumference at age 43 y.

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“…In 1985, Wadsworth and his team reported that cohort members whose birth weight had been low had higher blood pressure as adults 1 . It was an early hint that fetal and infant growth shape adult health, a link that became known as the Barker hypothesis after David Barker, an epidemiologist at the University of Southampton, UK, who published a 1989 analysis of birth weight and health in a different cohort 2 .…”

Section: Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%