Blood pressure, heart rate, pressure-rate product and electrocardiographic changes in healthy children during treadmill exercise

Riopel, Donald A.; Taylor, Ashby B.; Hohn, Arno R.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(79)90290-x

Cited by 100 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Members of the Boston cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Study 8 were invited for a heart disease risk factor evaluation at an outpatient clinic. Letters were mailed to all members of the cohort born between 1959 and 1962 with the following exceptions: letters were not sent to blacks because of their very small number in the original cohort; letters were also not sent to members of the cohort who had died, had congenital anomalies, or had not returned for a physical examination and BP measurement at 7 years of age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Even within the normotensive range of blood pressure (BP), a positive association has been demonstrated between body weight and other measures of obesity and BP, both in adults 2 and children. 8 As a potential mechanism for this relationship, an increased dietary sodium intake associated with greater food intake by obese individuals has been postulated. 4 We have studied body weight and more direct measures of obesity, sodium excretion and BP in "normal" post-pubertal adolescents, with special reference to the potential role of sodium intake as a mechanism for the relationship between obesity and BP.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Obesity, sodium intake, and blood pressure in adolescents.

Ellison¹,

Sosenko²,

Harper³

et al. 1980

Hypertension

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SUMMARY It has been postulated that increased dietary sodium associated with greater food intake by obese people is a mechanism for the relationship between obesity and blood pressure (BP). We hare evaluated this hypothesis by exploring the Interrelationships of measures of obesity, sodium intake, and BP in 248 "normal" adolescents, 16 to 17 years of age. As an index of sodium intake, the sodium excretion in three overnight urine collections was used. As a more specific index of saltiness of diet, we used a ratio of sodium excretion to calorie intake, with calories estimated from 3-day diet records and dietary interview. Body weight and other measures of obesity showed a positive relationship with systolic blood pressure (SBP), but not with dlastolic (K B ) T HE existence of an association between obesity and hypertension has been known for many years. 1 Even within the normotensive range of blood pressure (BP), a positive association has been demonstrated between body weight and other measures of obesity and BP, both in adults 2 and children.8 As a potential mechanism for this relationship, an increased dietary sodium intake associated with greater food intake by obese individuals has been postulated. 4 We have studied body weight and more direct measures of obesity, sodium excretion and BP in "normal" post-pubertal adolescents, with special reference to the potential role of sodium intake as a mechanism for the relationship between obesity and BP. MethodsMembers of the Boston cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Study 8 were invited for a heart disease risk factor evaluation at an outpatient clinic. Letters were mailed to all members of the cohort born between 1959 and 1962 with the following exceptions: letters were not sent to blacks because of their very small number in the original cohort; letters were also not sent to members of the cohort who had died, had congenital anomalies, or had not returned for a physical examination and BP measurement at 7 years of age. Of approximately 900 persons who were sent and presumably received letters (i.e., not returned by the post office), 380 responded; of these, 254 who were between 16.0 and 17.9 years of age at the time of their clinic visit make up the subjects for this study.All subjects were asked to collect overnight urine specimens on the two mornings before and the morning of their visit "to aid in the heart evaluation," and to record the times of each urine collection period. Each collection was considered complete if the urinary creatinine excretion was at least 0.4 mg/kg/hr for males and at least 0.3 mg/kg/hr for females. The 248 subjects (130 males and 118 females) included in the present analyses had at least one complete overnight collection. Three complete collections were furnished by 207 subjects (84%), two by 30 (12%), and one complete collection by 11 (4%). When more than one complete collection was available, the average of the two or three values was used.At the clinic, measurements were made of height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, and BP...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, sodium intake, and blood pressure in adolescents.

Ellison¹,

Sosenko²,

Harper³

et al. 1980

Hypertension

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“…45 Blood pressure response Blood pressures at rest and during exercise are lower in children compared with adults. 46 At maximal exercise, a child with a body surface area (BSA) of 1.25 m 2 demonstrates a systolic blood pressure of about 140 mmHg, whereas 160 mmHg is expected in a subject with a BSA of 1.75 m 2 .…”

Section: Oxygen (O 2 /Hr) Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in congenital heart disease: (contra)indications and interpretation

Takken¹,

Blank²,

Hulzebos³

et al. 2009

NHJL

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Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in congenital heart disease: (contra)indications and interpretation Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in paediatric cardiology differs in many aspects from the tests performed in adult cardiology. Children's cardiovascular responses during exercise testing present different characteristics, particularly oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood pressure response, which are essential in interpreting haemodynamic data. Diseases that are associated with myocardial ischaemia are rare in children. The main indications for CPET in children are evaluation of exercise capacity and the identification of exercise-induced arrhythmias. In this article we will review the main indications for CPET in children with congenital heart disease, the contraindications for exercise testing and the indications for terminating an exercise test. Moreover, we will address the interpretation of gas exchange data from CPET in children with congenital heart disease. (Neth Heart J 2009;17:385-92.)

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“…The current relevant literature mostly focuses on the diagnostic and prognostic value of maximum oxygen uptake during CPET [5,6]. However, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and other hemodynamic measurements give significant insight into the cardiovascular function during exercise, as well [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This product has been reported to describe myocardial blood flow and myocardial oxygen in exercising humans [15,16]. This parameter is frequently employed to detect any problems in the myocardium in children with CHD as well [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for blood pressure response to cycle ergometry in the first two decades of life: comparison with patients with a repaired coarctation of the aorta

Kaafarani

Schroer

Takken

2017

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

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Background: Hemodynamic responses to exercise are used as markers of diagnosis for cardiac diseases, systolic blood pressure (SBP) especially. However, the reference values for SBP in children at peak exertion level are outdated. This study aimed to establish current reference values for SBP, rate pressure product (RPP), and circulatory power (CircP). Methods: Data from children who previously underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing were categorized as healthy (N = 184; age 12.6 ± 2.9 years), and CoA patients (N = 25; age 13.0 ± 3.2 years). With the Lambda-MuSigma (LMS) method, percentile curves were made for SBP, CircP, and RPP in function of peak work rate (Wpeak). Data of CoA patients were used to validate the reference values. Results: Wpeak was the best predictor of peak SBP during exercise. The prediction equations for SBP, CircP and RPP were: (0.2853 x Wpeak) + 111.46; (10.56 x Wpeak) + 2550.2 and (61.879 x Wpeak) + 19.887, respectively. CoA patients showed significantly increased values for peak SBP (Z-score 1.063 ± 1.347). Conclusion: This study provides reference values for SBP, RPP, and CircP at peak exercise. These values can be used for objective evaluation of participants 6-18 years of age in a Dutch population. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Blood pressure, heart rate, pressure-rate product and electrocardiographic changes in healthy children during treadmill exercise

Cited by 100 publications

References 24 publications

Obesity, sodium intake, and blood pressure in adolescents.

Obesity, sodium intake, and blood pressure in adolescents.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in congenital heart disease: (contra)indications and interpretation

Reference values for blood pressure response to cycle ergometry in the first two decades of life: comparison with patients with a repaired coarctation of the aorta

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