Blood Pressure, Fitness, and Fatness in 5- and 6-Year-Old Children

Gutin, Bernard; Basch, Charles E.; Shea, Steven; Contento, Isobel R.; DeLozier, Mollie G.; Rips, Jill; Irigoyen, Matilde; Zybert, Patricia

doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450090059025

Cited by 111 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the results of the present study are consistent with previous investigations of adiposity and BP in young children. [28][29][30][31][32][33] The results also provide further evidence that simple anthropometric indices such as the BMI, skinfolds, and WC are important and feasible measures to identify young children who may be at risk of subsequent obesity, hypertension, and CVD. To support the use of simple anthropometric indices in clinical settings, we have previously shown that the BMI and skinfold thickness are highly correlated with DXA measures of %BF, FFM, and FM in this sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

2005

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between overall and central adiposity, a family history of coronary heart disease (FHCHD), and blood pressure (BP) in young children. We were specifically interested in determining whether the relationship between adiposity and BP was modified by a FHCHD. Subjects were 130 (68 males, 62 females) young children (mean age 6.0 years). Indicators of adiposity included the body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, and body composition determined by dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DXA). BP was measured by standard procedures. FHCHD was reported by the parent on a questionnaire. Approximately 19% of the total sample was classified as overweight and almost 50% were classified as prehypertensive (22.4%) or hypertensive (24.8%). In the total sample, 21 of 27 correlations were significant and ranged from 0.03 to 0.52. Correlations for systolic blood pressure appeared to be stronger in female subjects. Most of the correlations for diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significant in both sexes and, in general, ranged between 0.30 and 0.50. Overweight status was significantly associated with high BP (crude odds ratio ¼ 3.65, 95% confidence intervals 1.40-9.49). There were no significant associations between a positive FHCHD and BP, and the correlations between BMI, WC, and BP were similar in magnitude in subjects with and without a FHCHD. In conclusion, both overall and central adiposity are important determinants of resting BP in young children. A FHCHD was not associated with BP and nor were the associations between adiposity and BP modified by a FHCHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

2005

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“…24 Increased physical activity over a long period of time results in improved physical fitness in prepubertal children. 25,26 However, only aerobic fitness has been inversely associated with fatness in children. 20,26 It remains to be determined what kind of community interventions may be more efficient to reduce the prevalence of obesity in prepubertal children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular participation in sports is associated with enhanced physical fitness and lower fat mass in prepubertal boys

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of physical activity on whole body fat (BF), its regional deposition and the influence of body fatness on physical performance in prepubertal children. DESSIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 114 boys (9.471.5 y, Tanner I-II), randomly sampled from the population of Gran Canaria (Spain), 63 of them physically active (PA, at least 3 h per week during the previous year) and 51 nonphysically active (non-PA). MEASUREMENTS: Body composition (DXA), anthropometric variables (body circumferences and skinfolds) and physical fitness were determined in all subjects. RESULTS: The PA obtained better results in maximal oxygen uptake, isometric leg extension force, vertical jump (muscular power), and 300 m (anaerobic capacity) and 30 m running tests (speed) than the non-PA. A lower percentage of body fat (% BF) (4 U less, Po0.05), whole BF mass (36% less, Po0.05) and regional fat mass (28, 25, and 30% less in the trunk, legs and arms, respectively, all Po0.05) was observed in the PA compared to the non-PA. The waist and hip circumferences correlated more closely with both the fat mass accumulated in the trunk region and the % BF (r ¼ 0.81-0.95, Po0.001) than the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The WHR correlated with the percentage of the whole fat mass accumulated in the trunk (PFT) (r ¼ 0.52-0.53, Po0.001). In both groups, the PFT increased curvilinearly with the % BF, regardless of the level of physical activity. ANCOVA analysis revealed that total and regional fat masses explained less than 40% of the difference in performance between the PA and non-PA group. The mean speed in the 30 m running test (V 30 ), combined with the height and whole body mass, has predictive value for the BF mass (R ¼ 0.98, Po0.001). The % BF may be estimated from the body mass index (BMI) and V 30 (% BF ¼ 8.09 þ 2.44 Á BMI (kg m À2 )-5.8 Á V 30 (m s À1 ), R ¼ 0.94, Po0.001) in prepubertal boys. CONCLUSIONS: Regular participation in at least 3 h per week of sports activities and competitions on top of the compulsory physical education program is associated with increased physical fitness, lower whole body and trunkal fat mass in prepubertal boys.

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] Despite the important correlation between maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) and cardiovascular risk, Brazilian literature does not provide reference values for the classification of VO 2max in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valores de consumo máximo de oxigênio determinados pelo teste cardiopulmonar em adolescentes: uma proposta de classificação

Rodrigues¹,

Perez²,

Carletti³

et al. 2006

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: The identification of populational levels of maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) is an aid to studies that propose to relate physical fitness to cardiovascular risk, and also for prescribing exercise and analyzing the effects of training. To date, there is no information with which this parameter can be classified in samples of adolescents from the Brazilian population. This study is, therefore, the first to propose the determination of mean VO 2max levels in a sample of the Brazilian population.Methods: A sample of 380 schoolchildren (177 boys and 203 girls, aged 10 to 14 years) was selected at random from public schools in Vitória, ES. After anthropometric assessment they underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, VO 2max was measured directly and results were classified according to quintiles calculated from the study sample.Results: The mean VO 2max values observed ranged from 42.95 to 49.55 mL.kg -1 .min -1 for boys and from 36.76 to 38.29 mL.kg -1 .min -1 for girls.Conclusions: This paper proposes mean VO 2max ranges as a classification parameter for cardiorespiratory fitness, in addition to contributing to a definition of normal values for the Brazilian population. This classification will also be of use for establishing cutoff points in future studies.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82(6):426-30: Maximum oxygen uptake, adolescents, aerobic fitness, cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

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Blood Pressure, Fitness, and Fatness in 5- and 6-Year-Old Children

Cited by 111 publications

References 33 publications

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

Regular participation in sports is associated with enhanced physical fitness and lower fat mass in prepubertal boys

Valores de consumo máximo de oxigênio determinados pelo teste cardiopulmonar em adolescentes: uma proposta de classificação

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