Blood-Pressure Control for Renoprotection in Patients With Non-Diabetic Chronic Renal Disease (REIN-2): Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial

Ruggenenti, P.; Perna, Annalisa; Loriga, Giacomina

doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2005.06.029

Cited by 67 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, GUARD (Gauging Albuminuria Reduction with Lotrel in Diabetic Patients with Hypertension) showed that hydrochlorothiazide plus benazepril decreases the urinary albumin levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy more potently than amlodipine plus benazepril [11]. These observations are consistent with those of REIN (Renoprotection in Patients with Nondiabetic Chronic Renal Disease)-2, which showed that strict BP control due to the addition of felodipine cannot decrease the morbidity of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in ramipril-treated non-diabetic patients with proteinuria [12]. An ACCOMPLISH sub-study [13] showed that when benazepril-treated patients (the majority of whom had normal kidney function) were treated with hydrochlorothiazide, the increase in serum creatinine (Cr) were higher than when amlodipine was given; nevertheless, the incidence of ESKD (dialysis and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] of <15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) in the two groups did not differ.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Design and Rationale of Japanese Evaluation Between Formula of Azelnidipine and Amlodipine Add on Olmesartan to Get Antialbuminuric Effect Study (J-FLAG)

Ando

Haneda

Ito

et al. 2011

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Design and Rationale of Japanese Evaluation Between Formula of Azelnidipine and Amlodipine Add on Olmesartan to Get Antialbuminuric Effect Study (J-FLAG)

Ando

Haneda

Ito

et al. 2011

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

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“…Evidence is mostly based on the longterm follow-up of the MDRD trial [421], showing a significant reduction of end stage renal disease in patients with predominantly non-diabetic kidney disease when randomized to mean blood pressure reduction <92 mmHg mHg (i.e. In another trial on non-diabetic nephropathy, further blood pressure lowering by adding a calcium antagonist to an ACE inhibitor [424] did not further reduce the incidence of end stage renal disease and proteinuria. below 140/90).…”

Section: Renal Function and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension

Mancia

Backer

Dominiczak

et al. 2007

Journal of Hypertension

4,841

1,188

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Table 2 Factors influencing prognosis Risk factors Subclinical Organ Damage Systolic and diastolic BP levels Electrocardiographic LVH (Sokolow-Lyon > 38 mm; Cornell > 2440 mm M ms) or: Levels of pulse pressure (in the elderly) Echocardiographic LVH8 (LVMI M ! 125 g/m 2 , W ! 110 g/m 2 ) Age (M > 55 years; W > 65 years) Carotid wall thickening (IMT > 0.9 mm) or plaque Smoking Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity >12 m/s Dyslipidaemia Ankle/brachial BP index < 0.9 -TC > 5.0 mmol/l (190 mg/dl) or:Slight increase in plasma creatinine:-LDL-C > 3.0 mmol/l (115 mg/dl) or: M: 115-133 mmol/l (1.3-1.5 mg/dl); -HDL-C: M < 1.0 mmol/l (40 mg/dl), W < 1.2 mmol/l (46 mg/dl) or:Low estimated glomerular filtration rate y (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) or creatinine clearance^(< 60 ml/min) -TG > 1.7 mmol/l (150 mg/dl) Fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (102-125 mg/dl) Microalbuminuria 30-300 mg/24 h or albumin-creatinine ratio: ! 22 (M); or ! 31(W) mg/g creatinine Abnormal glucose tolerance test Abdominal obesity (Waist circumference > 102 cm (M), > 88 cm (W)) Family history of premature CV disease (M at age < 55 years; W at age < 65 years) Diabetes Mellitus Established CV or renal disease Fasting plasma glucose ! 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) on repeated measurements, or Cerebrovascular disease: ischaemic stroke; cerebral haemorrhage; transient ischaemic attack Postload plasma glucose > 11.0 mmol/l (198 mg/dl) Heart disease: myocardial infarction; angina; coronary revascularization; heart failure Renal disease: diabetic nephropathy; renal impairment (serum creatinine M > 133, W > 124 mmol/l); proteinuria (> 300 mg/24 h) Peripheral artery disease Advanced retinopathy: haemorrhages or exudates, papilloedema Note: the cluster of three out of 5 risk factors among abdominal obesity, altered fasting plasma glucose, BP > --130/85 mmHg, low HDL-cholesterol and high TG (as defined above) indicates the presence of metabolic syndrome M: men; W: women; CV: cardiovascular disease; IMT: intima-media thickness; BP: blood pressure; TG: triglycerides; C: cholesterol;^Cockroft Gault formula; y MDRD formula; 8Risk maximal for concentric LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy): increased LVMI (left ventricular mass index) with a wall thickness/radius ratio ! 0.42.

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“…108 Further evidence from the Nephros and REIN-2 studies in nondiabetic CKD suggests that dihydropyridine CCBs such as felodipine and amlodipine do not have additive value in reducing proteinuria or progression to ESRD when added to ramipril. 109,110 Thus, the non-dihydropyridine CCBs may be considered second-or third-line agents after RAS inhibitors.…”

Section: Calcium Channel Blocker (Ccb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic nephropathy – complications and treatment

Lim¹

2014

IJNRD

493

337

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Diabetic nephropathy is a significant cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure globally. Much research has been conducted in both basic science and clinical therapeutics, which has enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and expanded the potential therapies available. This review will examine the current concepts of diabetic nephropathy management in the context of some of the basic science and pathophysiology aspects relevant to the approaches taken in novel, investigative treatment strategies.

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Blood-Pressure Control for Renoprotection in Patients With Non-Diabetic Chronic Renal Disease (REIN-2): Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Design and Rationale of Japanese Evaluation Between Formula of Azelnidipine and Amlodipine Add on Olmesartan to Get Antialbuminuric Effect Study (J-FLAG)

Design and Rationale of Japanese Evaluation Between Formula of Azelnidipine and Amlodipine Add on Olmesartan to Get Antialbuminuric Effect Study (J-FLAG)

2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension

Diabetic nephropathy – complications and treatment

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Blood-Pressure Control for Renoprotection in Patients With Non-Diabetic Chronic Renal Disease (REIN-2): Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Design and Rationale of Japanese Evaluation Between Formula of Azelnidipine and Amlodipine Add on Olmesartan to Get Antialbuminuric Effect Study (J-FLAG)

Design and Rationale of Japanese Evaluation Between Formula of Azelnidipine and Amlodipine Add on Olmesartan to Get Antialbuminuric Effect Study (J-FLAG)

2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension

Diabetic nephropathy &ndash; complications and treatment

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Diabetic nephropathy – complications and treatment