Blood pressure at high altitude: physiology and clinical implications

Bilo, Grzegorz; Caravita, Sergio; Torlasco, Camilla; Parati, Gianfranco

doi:10.33963/kp.14832

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(72 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The permanence in hypoxia because of high altitudes can induce several alterations in the human organism, including cardiovascular, immunological, and metabolic [25][26][27]. Performing physical exercise in this condition makes the changes promoted by exercise even more evident [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate and Glutamine Supplementation Attenuates the Increase in Rating of Perceived Exertion during Intense Exercise in Hypoxia Similar to 4200 m

Caris

Thomatieli-Santos

2020

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) indicates the feeling of fatigue. However, hypoxia worsens the condition and can worsen RPE. We evaluated whether carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation alters RPE and physiological markers in running at 70% peak oxygen uptake until exhaustion in a simulated altitude of 4500 m. Nine volunteers underwent three running tests at 70% peak oxygen uptake until exhaustion: (1) hypoxia and placebo, (2) hypoxia and 8% maltodextrin, and (3) hypoxia after six days of glutamine supplementation (20 g/day) and 8% maltodextrin. The exercise and supplementation were randomized and double-blinded. Lactate, heart rate, haemoglobin O2 saturation (SpO2%), and RPE (6–20 scale) were analyzed at the 15th and 30th min. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. SpO2% decreased at the 15th and 30th minutes compared to resting in placebo, carbohydrate, and glutamine supplementation. RPE increased at the 30th minute compared to the 15th minute in placebo and carbohydrate supplementation; however, there was no difference in the glutamine supplementation condition. Heart rate and lactate increased after the 15th and 30th minutes compared to resting, similar to the three conditions studied. We conclude that previous supplementation with glutamine and carbohydrate during intense exercise in hypoxia similar to 4500 m can attenuate the increase in RPE by the increase in glycemia and can be a useful strategy for people who exercise in these conditions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate and Glutamine Supplementation Attenuates the Increase in Rating of Perceived Exertion during Intense Exercise in Hypoxia Similar to 4200 m

Caris

Thomatieli-Santos

2020

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At high altitude – 3,000 m above sea level – the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) is decreased, creating a condition termed hypobaric hypoxia; this condition is characterized by reduced bioavailability of oxygen at the organism, tissue, and cell levels, which clearly alters organism homeostasis ( Chavala, 2018 ; Bilo et al, 2019 ). Currently, more than 140 million people worldwide are working and living under the condition of hypobaric hypoxia ( Moore et al, 1998 ; West, 2012 ), and the consequences associated with this exposure constitute a substantial public health burden ( Herrera et al, 2015a ; Brito et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activation, and Inflammatory Pathways Involved in Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells During Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-altitude exposure results in hypobaric hypoxia, which affects organisms by activating several mechanisms at the physiological, cellular, and molecular levels and triggering the development of several pathologies. One such pathology is high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH), which is initiated through hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to distribute blood to more adequately ventilated areas of the lungs. Importantly, all layers of the pulmonary artery (adventitia, smooth muscle, and endothelium) contribute to or are involved in the development of HAPH. However, the principal action sites of HAPH are pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which interact with several extracellular and intracellular molecules and participate in mechanisms leading to proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. This review summarizes the alterations in molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, kinase activation, and other processes that occur in PASMCs during pulmonary hypertension under hypobaric hypoxia and proposes updates to pharmacological treatments to mitigate the pathological changes in PASMCs under such conditions. In general, PASMCs exposed to hypobaric hypoxia undergo oxidative stress mediated by Nox4, inflammation mediated by increases in interleukin-6 levels and inflammatory cell infiltration, and activation of the protein kinase ERK1/2, which lead to the proliferation of PASMCs and contribute to the development of hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

show abstract

“…There is, however, high exposure to solar radiation [2,13]. The main factor influencing the functioning of the organism in such conditions is low atmospheric pressure and proportional reduction of oxygen partial pressure in the inhaled air [13][14][15]. Human body has to some extent an ability to adapt to changes in environmental conditions and the circulatory system is largely involved in the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Temporary Stay at High Altitude on the Circulatory System

Mikołajczak

Czerwińska

Pilecki

et al. 2021

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent times many people stay temporarily at high altitudes. It is mainly associated with the growing popularity of regular air travel, as well as temporary trips to mountain regions. Variable environmental conditions, including pressure and temperature changes, have an impact on the human body. This paper analyses the physiological changes that may occur while staying at high altitude in healthy people and in people with cardiovascular diseases, such as arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, or arrhythmias. Possible unfavourable changes were underlined. Currently recognized treatment recommendations or possible treatment modifications for patients planning to stay at high altitudes were also discussed.

show abstract

Blood pressure at high altitude: physiology and clinical implications

Cited by 52 publications

References 44 publications

Carbohydrate and Glutamine Supplementation Attenuates the Increase in Rating of Perceived Exertion during Intense Exercise in Hypoxia Similar to 4200 m

Carbohydrate and Glutamine Supplementation Attenuates the Increase in Rating of Perceived Exertion during Intense Exercise in Hypoxia Similar to 4200 m

Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activation, and Inflammatory Pathways Involved in Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells During Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure

The Impact of Temporary Stay at High Altitude on the Circulatory System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About