Blood pressure and risk of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Abstract

Several studies have reported associations of hypertension with cancer, but not all results were conclusive. We examined the association of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure with the development of incident cancer at all anatomical sites in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by EPIC‐participating center and age at recruitment, and adjusted for sex, education, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes and dietary (in women also reproductive) factors. The study included 307,318 men and women, with an average follow‐up of 13.7 (standard deviation 4.4) years and 39,298 incident cancers. We confirmed the expected positive association with renal cell carcinoma: HR = 1.12 (1.08–1.17) per 10 mm Hg higher SBP and HR = 1.23 (1.14–1.32) for DBP. We additionally found positive associations for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): HR = 1.16 (1.07–1.26) (SBP), HR = 1.31 (1.13–1.51) (DBP), weaker for head and neck cancers: HR = 1.08 (1.04–1.12) (SBP), HR = 1.09 (1.01–1.17) (DBP) and, similarly, for skin SCC, colon cancer, postmenopausal breast cancer and uterine adenocarcinoma (AC), but not for esophageal AC, lung SCC, lung AC or uterine endometroid cancer. We observed weak inverse associations of SBP with cervical SCC: HR = 0.91 (0.82–1.00) and lymphomas: HR = 0.97 (0.93–1.00). There were no consistent associations with cancers in other locations. Our results are largely compatible with published studies and support weak associations of blood pressure with cancers in specific locations and morphologies.

Weight change in middle adulthood and risk of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

“…The outcome of interest was first primary cancer diagnosed after the second weight assessment. We defined cancer types, subtypes and morphologies according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, as specified in Supplementary Table S3 and Reference 9. Participants diagnosed with a second (or third) cancer, as well as those with cancers with unconfirmed or behavioural codes other than 3 (malignant, primary site) were censored at the date of diagnosis of the first cancer.…”

Hypertension is associated with oral, laryngeal, and esophageal cancer: a nationwide population-based study

“…The meta-analysis of four prospective studies between hypertension and esophageal adenocarcinoma yielded a statistically significant positive association 10 . Most recently, Christakoudi et al reported that there was a positive correlation between blood pressure and risk of esophageal carcinoma and head and neck cancers in a prospective European study 11 . However, there have been no large-scale, population-based studies investigating whether hypertension increases the risk of developing UADT cancers.…”

Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with breast cancer. Is there a correlation with international reference standards?

“…(44) La HTA es la ECV más común y aproximadamente el 28,5% de la población es hipertensa . La coexistencia de HTA y cáncer entre los pacientes es común y las tasas de incidencia aumentan con la (45) edad . Al analizar el sobrepeso/obesidad y peso adecuado con la presión arterial se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la presión arterial diastólica en brazo y la presión arterial diastólica (46,47,48) miembro inferior.…”