Blood Pressure and Adiposity in Children and Adolescents

Paradis, Gilles; Lambert, Marie; O’Loughlin, Jennifer; Lavallée, Claudette; Aubin, Jacinthe; Delvin, Edgard; Lévy, Émile; Hanley, James A.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000143100.31752.b7

Cited by 176 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…overweight and obesity) were 17% (14-21) among boys and 25% (22-29) among girls. The attributable fraction for overweight (excluding the obese category) was 9% (6-11) among boys and 11% (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) among girls. The attributable fraction for obesity was 9% (7-11) among boys and 15% (12-17) among girls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14] In contrast, few population-based studies have been conducted in children in developing countries [15][16][17][18] and several of them have relied on small sample sizes with subsequent limited power to estimate the prevalence of elevated BP with precision. [16][17][18] Continuous assessment of elevated BP in children (as well as in adults) is important in the view of changing distribution of determinants of hypertension (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Many studies have shown that BP is associated with overweight in children. [12][13][14]21 However, few data are available in non-western countries and in non-caucasian populations. [15][16][17][18] Furthermore, although some studies indicated that mean BP in children has recently increased in parallel to the obesity epidemic, 22,23 other studies have shown that BP has decreased over time in spite of upwards obesity trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and association with overweight in children of a rapidly developing country

et al. 2006

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We assessed the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and the association with excess body weight among a large sample of children in the Seychelles, a middle-income rapidly developing country in the African region. Weight, height and BP were measured in all children of four school grades in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). Excess weight categories ('overweight' and 'obesity') were defined according to the criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Two BP readings were obtained on one occasion. 'Elevated BP' was defined based on US reference tables. Data were available in 15 612 (86%) of 18 119 eligible children aged 5-16 years in [2002][2003][2004]. In all, 13.0% of Boys and 18.8% of girls were overweight or obese. The prevalence of elevated BP was 9.1% in boys and 10.1% in girls. Both systolic and diastolic BP were strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) in boys and in girls. In children with 'normal weight', 'overweight (and not obesity)' and 'obesity', respectively, proportions with elevated BP were 7.5, 16.9 and 25.2% in boys, and 7.5, 16.1 and 33.2% in girls. Overweight (including obesity) could account for 18% of cases of elevated BP in boys and 26% in girls. Further studies should examine the impact of the relationship between BMI and elevated BP on the burden of hypertension in the context of the epidemic of paediatric obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and association with overweight in children of a rapidly developing country

et al. 2006

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“…This epidemic of childhood obesity has been associated with a parallel rise in the prevalence of high blood pressure as well as with future cardiovascular events in the adult life. [1][2][3][4][5] Therefore, a strong causal pathophysiological association between obesity and arterial hypertension in children has been suggested by epidemiological data showing that childhood obesity is associated with an approximately threefold increase in the risk of developing hypertension. 6 Conflicting data exist regarding the possible predominant effects of weight gain on office systolic blood pressure (SBP) rather than diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home and office blood pressure in children and adolescents: the role of obesity. The Arsakeion School Study

et al. 2009

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Obesity is related to office blood pressure (OBP). Important discrepancies exist between OBP and home blood pressure (HBP), providing complementary information for the management of hypertension. The association between obesity and HBP has not been investigated in children. The evidence on the role of obesity in the predominance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) over diastolic (DBP) in paediatric hypertension is limited. A total of 778 healthy subjects aged 6-18 years were recruited in this study. OBP and HBP were measured using electronic devices validated in children. Anthropometric measurements were measured and expressed as z-scores for height or age. Among all indices of obesity (z-scores), body mass index (BMI) showed the best association with BP. The effect of obesity (BMI) was more pronounced on: (i) SBP than DBP and (ii) H-SBP than O-SBP (O-SBP: r 2 ¼ 0.09, O-DBP: r 2 ¼ 0.05, H-SBP: r 2 ¼ 0.12, H-DBP: r 2 ¼ 0.06). The prevalence of systolic hypertension was higher than that of diastolic hypertension. This difference was significant only in office readings and independent from obesity (normal weight: 6.3% systolic hypertension versus 1.2% diastolic; obese: 37.9% versus 6.9%, Po0.05 for both). These data imply that in children and adolescents the z-score of BMI is the most appropriate index of the association between BP and obesity. It also suggests that obesity is probably more closely associated with home than office BP. Finally, although obesity appears to affect SBP more than DBP, these results suggest that the predominance of systolic hypertension in children and adolescents might not be only related to obesity but also to the measurement setting (office).

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“…11 According to cutoffs suggested by the World Health Organization, individuals with BMI o18.50 kg m À2 are underweight, with BMI 18.50-24.90 kg m À2 are normal, with BMI of 25-29.90 kg m À2 are considered overweight and with BMI of X30 kg m À2 are considered as obese. 12 Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities, such as hypertension [13][14][15][16][17][18] and high resting heart rate (HR). 19,20 Hypertension is a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases and death 21,22 and is also an important component of the metabolic syndrome, 23 which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Dimkpa

Oji

2009

J Hum Hypertens

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We aimed at investigating whether the degree of adiposity is related to haemodynamic variables such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and resting heart rate (HR), and to haemodynamic abnormalities such as hypertension and resting tachycardia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among young students in Ebonyi State University, Nigeria. A total of 710 subjects (350 males and 360 females) aged 20-25 years were recruited for the study. Resting blood pressure and HR of subjects were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measurements. The observed prevalences in this study were as follows: overweight, 20% in males and 26% in females; obesity, 8% in males and 6% in females; hypertension, 17% in males and 14% in females; and resting tachycardia, 22% in males and 24% in females. In both genders, BMI showed significant correlations (Po0.001 or Po0.01 or Po0.05) with SBP, DBP and HR after controlling for age and physical activity status, and SBP indicated the strongest association with BMI. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension and tachycardia increased with an increase in BMI level, whereas overweight/obese subjects indicated significantly higher risk of hypertension than did the non-overweight/obese controls. The present findings therefore strengthen the previously reported usefulness of BMI in predicting cardiovascular risks and add to our understanding of the early development of obesity-related cardiovascular abnormalities in young adults and the need to prevent obesity early in life and to avoid its unfavourable lifethreatening consequences later in life.

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Blood Pressure and Adiposity in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 176 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and association with overweight in children of a rapidly developing country

Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and association with overweight in children of a rapidly developing country

Home and office blood pressure in children and adolescents: the role of obesity. The Arsakeion School Study

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

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