Blood Plasma Reference Material: A Global Resource for Proteomic Research

Abstract

There is an ever-increasing awareness and interest within the clinical research field, creating a large demand for blood fraction samples as well as other clinical samples. The translational research area is another field that is demanding for blood samples, used widely in proteomics, genomics, as well as metabolomics. Blood samples are globally the most common biological samples that are used in a broad variety of applications in life science. We hereby introduce a new reference blood plasma standard (heparin) that is aimed as a global resource for the proteomics community. We have developed these reference plasma standards by defining the Control group as those with C-reactive protein levels <3 mg/L and a Disease group with C-reactive protein ranges >30 mg/L. In these references we have used both newborn children 1-2 weeks, as well as youngsters 15-30 years, and middle aged 30-50 years, and elderly patients at the ages of 65+. In total, there were 80 patients in each group in the reference plasma pools. We provide data on the developments and characteristics of the reference blood plasma standards, as well as what is used by the team members at the respective laboratories. The standards have been evaluated by pilot sample processing in biobanking operations and are currently a resource that allows the Proteomic society to perform quantitative proteomic studies. By the use of high quality reference plasma samples, global initiatives, such as the Chromosome Human Proteome Project (C-HPP), will benefit as one scientific program when the entire human proteome is mapped and linked to human diseases. The plasma reference standards are a global resource and can be accessed upon request.

Evaluation of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Levels and SERPINA1 Gene Polymorphisms in Sickle Cell Disease

“…CRP and AAT levels were also correlated in a previous report with SCD patients ( 23 ). Taking into account that CRP is an important inflammatory marker in clinical practice, due to easy of determining serum levels, as well as that AAT, an anti-inflammatory biomarker, is also relatively easy to quantify, it may be advisable to consider both together in clinical–epidemiological applications ( 33 ).…”

Clinical protein science in translational medicine targeting malignant melanoma

“…There is a fully automated platform and workflow where > 1000 sample tubes are processed per day. Robots tend to both blood fractions and tissues that are stored at − 80°C (Fehniger et al 2013;Malm et al 2013Malm et al , 2015Malm et al , 2018Marko-Varga et al 2012b).…”

“…This large-scale clinical sample processing enterprise was initiated with the aim of creating high-end histopathology indexing with database computational power and proteogenomic analysis. Subsequently, the biobank at Lund has become an important resource in global clinical research (Fehniger et al 2013;Malm et al 2013Malm et al , 2015Malm et al , 2018Marko-Varga et al 2012b). Several national health programs are now being initiated with the aim of also building large-scale biobank storage and populating these with a wealth of high-quality patient samples.…”

Biorepository Regulatory Frameworks: Building Parallel Resources That Both Promote Scientific Investigation and Protect Human Subjects

“…There have been noteworthy advances in sample processing and sample labeling in the past few years that have dramatically changed the format of how we store individual samples. One main achievement is in the development of stable labels that withstand long-term deep-freezing conditions. ,,,− Along with this advancement was also the development of 2-D barcode labels that replace the nominal personal identification that potentially could be used to directly identify an individual from the label’s content. The other areas of development are in the miniaturization of sample tube size such as the 384 tube format plates that are the size of typical 96-well plates. , An additional advantage to the 384 tube format plates is that each tube is individually 2-D barcoded, allowing singular tubes to be assayed only once, thus minimizing freeze/thaw artifacts .…”

“…One main achievement is in the development of stable labels that withstand long-term deep-freezing conditions. ,,,− Along with this advancement was also the development of 2-D barcode labels that replace the nominal personal identification that potentially could be used to directly identify an individual from the label’s content. The other areas of development are in the miniaturization of sample tube size such as the 384 tube format plates that are the size of typical 96-well plates. , An additional advantage to the 384 tube format plates is that each tube is individually 2-D barcoded, allowing singular tubes to be assayed only once, thus minimizing freeze/thaw artifacts . Finally, the development of the automated robotic systems used to separate, fractionate, and aliquot samples in uniform sample volumes also has contributed to the establishment of uniform biorepositories .…”