Blood Parasites in Sage-Grouse From Nevada and Oregon

Dunbar, Mike R.; Tornquist, Susan J.; Giordano, Mark R.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-39.1.203

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Maejohnen-dake. Infection of the ptarmigan and the grouse with this parasite was observed across a wide-range of their habitat in both Nearctic and Palearctic regions [6,11]. In our study, we clarified that these hematozoa were distributed widely throughout the northern and southern populations of the ptarmigan in the Japanese Alps (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Geographical Distribution and Seasonality of the Prevalence of Leucocytozoon lovati in Japanese Rock Ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus) found in the Alpine Regions of Japan

Murata

Tamada

Ichikawa

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In this study, we investigated the geographical distribution and seasonality of Leucocytozoon lovati infection in the Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus japonicus); this bird is one of the special natural monuments of Japan that inhabits the Japanese alpine regions. We examined blood samples from birds captured in the Kubiki, Hida, and Akaishi mountain ranges for three years from 2002 to 2005. Seventy-three blood samples from 42 males, 19 females, and 12 birds of unknown sex were used for this study. The rate of infection with L. lovati was 78.1% in the 73 birds examined. We demonstrated that the L. lovati infection was distributed across wide ranges of ptarmigan populations from the northern to the southern alpine zones. There was no sex bias in the prevalence ratio. The prevalence of L. lovati and the level of parasitization of the blood cells tended to increase from spring through summer; in contrast, a decrease was observed from summer through autumn. Although L. lovati infection was observed in a number of local populations inhabiting three mountainous regions, no infected birds were found in Mt. Johnen-dake and Mt. Maejohnen-dake. It is necessary to continue surveying the relationship between the population dynamics of the ptarmigan and the density of the arthropod vector from the perspective of in situ conservation of this endangered species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Geographical Distribution and Seasonality of the Prevalence of Leucocytozoon lovati in Japanese Rock Ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus) found in the Alpine Regions of Japan

Murata

Tamada

Ichikawa

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…One of the major impacts of infection with Leucocytozoon in other species of birds is a decrease in reproductive performance (Merino et al 2000;Dunbar et al 2003). There was no evidence to suggest that Leucocytozoon played a significant role during the 2008-2009 breeding season on the Otago Peninsula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp. in the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in the sub-Antarctic regions of New Zealand

et al. 2013

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Yellow-eyed penguins (YEPs) have suffered major population declines over the past 30 years, with no single cause established. Leucocytozoon was first identified in yellow-eyed penguins in 2005. During the 2008/09 breeding season, a high mortality was seen in both mainland yellow-eyed penguins as well as those on Enderby Island of the Auckland Islands archipelago. A high overall prevalence of Leucocytozoon spp. in association with a high incidence of chick mortality was observed during this period on Enderby Island. One chick had histological evidence of leucocytozoonosis with megaloschizonts in multiple organs throughout its body. In addition, a high prevalence (73·7%) of Leucocytozoon was observed by PCR in the blood of adult Enderby yellow-eyed penguins taken during the 2006/07 season. These findings were different from the low prevalence detected by PCR on the coast of the South Island (11%) during the 2008/2009 breeding session and earlier on Campbell Island (21%) during the 2006/2007 breeding session. The Leucocytozoon spp. sequences detected lead us to conclude that the Leucocytozoon parasite is common in yellow-eyed penguins and has a higher prevalence in penguins from Enderby Island than those from Campbell Island and the mainland of New Zealand. The Enderby Island yellow-eyed penguins are infected with a Leucocytozoon spp. that is genetically distinct from that found in other yellow-eyed penguin populations. The role of Leucocytozoon in the high levels of chick mortality in the yellow-eyed penguins remains unclear.

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“…Although the effects of L. lovati to host birds have not been elucidated yet, since infection of L. lovati to young sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, could be detrimental to the bird populations in Nevada and Oregon in United States (Dunbar et al 2003), to understand the transmission cycle of this vector-borne bird disease should be investigated. Our previous study revealed that black flies distributed in the same area of Japanese rock ptarmigan habitat could be vector arthropods for L. lovati by detecting the same protozoa DNA sequence from the bodies of collected black flies (Sato et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of blood source animals from black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) collected in the alpine regions of Japan

et al. 2009

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One of vector-borne avian protozoa, Leucocytozoon lovati, has been found in the Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus), the endangered bird species distributed in the alpine regions in Japan. Vector arthropod species of L. lovati has also been estimated as Simuliidae black flies distributed in the same habitat of the host bird, however, possible blood meals of the black flies were not identified yet. To reveal host animals of black flies, we estimated the blood resources by using molecular techniques. Black flies were collected at Mt. Chogatake, one of the alpine regions of Japan in which Japanese rock ptarmigans live in June 2005. The analyzed 144 specimens were morphologically identified into five species including Simulium japonicum (n = 87), Prosimulium hirtipes (n = 48), Prosimulium yezoense (n = 3), Twinnia japonensis (n = 3), and Cnephia mutata (n = 3). Individually extracted DNA from the black flies was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification targeting the partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of birds or mammals to identify the blood meals. Of 144 black flies examined, 34 specimens were PCR positive for avian hosts (23.6%). No mammalian-derived bloods were detected from the samples studied through. Sequences amplified from 11 black flies consist of S. japonicum, P. hirtipes, and C. mutata showed high similarity to that of the Japanese rock ptarmigan. Therefore, present results conclusively suggest that these three species of black flies might suck the bloods of Japanese rock ptarmigans and could be the vector for L. lovati infection among this endangered bird species of Japan.

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Blood Parasites in Sage-Grouse From Nevada and Oregon

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Geographical Distribution and Seasonality of the Prevalence of Leucocytozoon lovati in Japanese Rock Ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus) found in the Alpine Regions of Japan

Geographical Distribution and Seasonality of the Prevalence of Leucocytozoon lovati in Japanese Rock Ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus) found in the Alpine Regions of Japan

High prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp. in the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in the sub-Antarctic regions of New Zealand

Molecular identification of blood source animals from black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) collected in the alpine regions of Japan

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