Abstract:We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic stress (CS) on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. For this, 28 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP), chronic stress (CS; by physical restraint model) and CS+EP (association of chronic stress and ligature-induced periodontitis). The experimental period lasted 30 days, including exposure to CS every day and ligature was performed on the 15th experimental day. After 30 days, the animals were submit… Show more
“…Accompanying the results of increased CORT and ACTH contents as well as decreased sucrose preference, we confirmed that the CUMS protocol in this study induced a depression-like state in the PS and EP+PS animals. In addition, because it causes plaque retention, the method used in this study of tying a ligature around the teeth is widely used to establish periodontal disease in animals [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 14 ]. Although we did not find any changes in alveolar bone loss, attachment loss, or cytokine protein expression in the gingiva of stressed rats, we confirmed that multiple stressors worsened these parameters in rats with silk ligature-induced periodontitis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that hypoxia occurs in the periodontium [ 36 ] when rats undergo long-term stress. Lopes Castro et al [ 12 ] have reported oxidative imbalance in a blood sample and consider that the disequilibrium of oxidation and antioxidation could potentialize or generate alveolar bone lesions in chronically stressed rats. In the current study, we first observed that the local anomalous redox trend was worse in the inflamed gingiva following psychological stress.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The association between psychological stress and periodontitis has been largely demonstrated recently [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] and has been identified as a potential risk factor for periodontal disease in some observational studies [ 9 , 10 ]. Also, researchers established a conditioned fear stress model and physical restraint model in rats to induce psychological stress and confirmed that stress is associated with the progression of alveolar bone loss with altered RANK and RANKL expressions as well as quality of alveolar bone [ 11 , 12 ]. Some studies even indicated that psychosocial stress has a greater influence than pathogenic bacteria on the severity of periodontal inflammation [ 13 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Redox homeostasis is disturbed under anaerobic conditions, resulting in an imbalance between the oxidant and antioxidant defence systems. This leads to oxidative stress, which has been demonstrated to damage periodontal health [ 12 , 19 , 20 ]. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κ B) is a transcription factor with numerous biological functions, including regulating the expression of various proinflammatory factors involved in inflammation [ 21 ].…”
Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults, and psychological factors play an important role in the development of periodontitis. To elucidate the adverse effects of psychological stress on the inflammatory process and redox status of periodontitis tissue, fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control, experimental periodontitis, psychological stress, experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress, and experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress plus fluoxetine groups. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish psychological stress, and silk ligature was used to induce experimental periodontitis. Four weeks later, stressed rats showed altered behaviour, serum hormone levels, and sucrose preference. More obvious alveolar bone loss and attachment loss and higher protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines were observed in the experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress group. The combination of CUMS and periodontitis had synergistic effects on increasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities compared with those in the stress or periodontitis groups. Moreover, psychological stress further increased p-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels and decreased IκBα protein levels in periodontitis rats. Fluoxetine administration alleviated the adverse effects of psychological stress on the progression of periodontitis in rats. These results hint us that psychological stress could aggravate inflammation in periodontitis tissues, which may be partly due to local worsening of oxidative damage and further activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling pathway.
“…Accompanying the results of increased CORT and ACTH contents as well as decreased sucrose preference, we confirmed that the CUMS protocol in this study induced a depression-like state in the PS and EP+PS animals. In addition, because it causes plaque retention, the method used in this study of tying a ligature around the teeth is widely used to establish periodontal disease in animals [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 14 ]. Although we did not find any changes in alveolar bone loss, attachment loss, or cytokine protein expression in the gingiva of stressed rats, we confirmed that multiple stressors worsened these parameters in rats with silk ligature-induced periodontitis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that hypoxia occurs in the periodontium [ 36 ] when rats undergo long-term stress. Lopes Castro et al [ 12 ] have reported oxidative imbalance in a blood sample and consider that the disequilibrium of oxidation and antioxidation could potentialize or generate alveolar bone lesions in chronically stressed rats. In the current study, we first observed that the local anomalous redox trend was worse in the inflamed gingiva following psychological stress.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The association between psychological stress and periodontitis has been largely demonstrated recently [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] and has been identified as a potential risk factor for periodontal disease in some observational studies [ 9 , 10 ]. Also, researchers established a conditioned fear stress model and physical restraint model in rats to induce psychological stress and confirmed that stress is associated with the progression of alveolar bone loss with altered RANK and RANKL expressions as well as quality of alveolar bone [ 11 , 12 ]. Some studies even indicated that psychosocial stress has a greater influence than pathogenic bacteria on the severity of periodontal inflammation [ 13 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Redox homeostasis is disturbed under anaerobic conditions, resulting in an imbalance between the oxidant and antioxidant defence systems. This leads to oxidative stress, which has been demonstrated to damage periodontal health [ 12 , 19 , 20 ]. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κ B) is a transcription factor with numerous biological functions, including regulating the expression of various proinflammatory factors involved in inflammation [ 21 ].…”
Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults, and psychological factors play an important role in the development of periodontitis. To elucidate the adverse effects of psychological stress on the inflammatory process and redox status of periodontitis tissue, fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control, experimental periodontitis, psychological stress, experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress, and experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress plus fluoxetine groups. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish psychological stress, and silk ligature was used to induce experimental periodontitis. Four weeks later, stressed rats showed altered behaviour, serum hormone levels, and sucrose preference. More obvious alveolar bone loss and attachment loss and higher protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines were observed in the experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress group. The combination of CUMS and periodontitis had synergistic effects on increasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities compared with those in the stress or periodontitis groups. Moreover, psychological stress further increased p-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels and decreased IκBα protein levels in periodontitis rats. Fluoxetine administration alleviated the adverse effects of psychological stress on the progression of periodontitis in rats. These results hint us that psychological stress could aggravate inflammation in periodontitis tissues, which may be partly due to local worsening of oxidative damage and further activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling pathway.
“…Based on the emerging evidence, in their review article, Aquino-Martinez et al proposed a new scientific model that senescent cells, which receive oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage, may aggravate the innate immune reaction against pathogens [ 12 ]. Lopes et al indicated that chronic stress-induced blood oxidative stress exacerbates periodontal bone resorption using the rat physical restraint model [ 13 ].…”
Periodontal disease, one of the most prevalent human infectious diseases, is characterized by chronic inflammatory tissue destruction of the alveolar bone and the connective tissues supporting the tooth [...]
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