BLOOD MEAL UTILISATION AND FLIGHT MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE TSETSE‐FLY <i>GLOSSINA AUSTEN1</i>, FOLLOWING STERILIZING DOSES OF GAMMA IRRADIATION

Langley, P. A.; Abasa, Ruben O.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1970.tb00095.x

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…or more produced noticeable retention in the midgut (Akov, 1966). Similar lack of effect on feeding frequency and on meal size was found (Langley & Abasa, 1970) after tsetse flies, Glossina austeni Newstead, received doses as high as 20 krad; proteolytic activity of the gut was assayed in both sets of experiments, and irradiation caused no detectable change in either the mosquito or the tsetse fly.…”

Section: Causes Of Death In Irradiated Adult Insectssupporting

confidence: 57%

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Ducoff¹

1972

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. Irradiation of adult insects of many orders leads to their death. There is considerable evidence that such death occurs during a limited time period, both the beginning and duration of which are relatively independent of the dose over a wide range. This suggests the operation of a specific lethal syndrome. In other groups of insects, particularly Diptera and many moths, either the absence of somatic‐cell division or the short life of the imago prevents the development of this syndrome. These latter groups require much higher doses of radiation for the induction of demonstrable mortality, and the time‐course of mortality is closely related to the size of the dose. 2. Superficially, at least, radiation death of adult Diptera is comparable to that of supralethally irradiated insects of the taxa which exhibit the specific lethal syndrome after lower doses. There are some observations suggesting that the nervous system becomes involved after these high doses, just as there are for mammals exposed to high doses. 3. There is also some evidence, very convincing in itself, although available only from a small number of experiments, that the specific syndrome observed after lower lethal or mid‐lethal doses is a consequence of damage to the midgut, particularly to its regenerative cells. This clearly is analogous to the intestinal syndrome of mammals; as in the mammal, the processes which intervene between the cellular damage and the death of the organism remain in the realm of conjecture or controversy. This appears to be one of several areas in which more detailed investigation of the radiobiological phenomenon is certain to provide valuable information on normal physiological activities. 4. The response of insects differs greatly from that of mammals in that effects on disease‐resistance mechanisms, both cellular and humoral, are not prominent. The dose required for unequivocal demonstration of such effects may be greater than the dose required to produce lethality. If endogenous infection contributes to lethality after irradiation of otherwise healthy insects, there is, as yet, no convincing evidence for it. Nevertheless, radiation may provide a useful tool for probing the mechanisms of disease resistance of insects, and for examining the regulation and the kinetics of haemocyte formation. In addition, irradiated insects might be used to select virulent strains of potential insect pathogens. 5. Quantitative information on the response of insect cells, either in situ or in zlitro, is virtually non‐existent. Insect eggs have been used in a few investigations of cellular phenomena in radiation biology, but the only data applicable to dose‐response relationships are those of Murakami (1969, 1970), who has taken advantage of the synchronous division that occurs during the early embryonic development of Bombyx mori. The usefulness of insect cell‐cultures in delineating growth requirements and in propagating viruses has attracted far more attention than their potential for radiobiological investigations and other st...

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Section: Causes Of Death In Irradiated Adult Insectssupporting

confidence: 57%

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Ducoff¹

1972

Biological Reviews

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“…A study on the effect of gamma irradiation on G. austeni pupae indicated that a dose of 70 Gy of gamma rays stimulated emergence of G. austeni pupae [ 74 ]. Late stage pupae were less radiation sensitive then younger pupae but feeding frequency, meal size, fat body development, longevity and thoracic flight muscle development were not affected by irradiation (80–200 Gy) in the pupal stage [ 75 ]. Our data are in agreement with previous studies [ 61 , 67 ], in that the amount of dominant lethal mutations induced in the sperm of G. austeni when exposed to radiation as expressed by induced sterility in the female mates, increased with increasing dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Irradiation and Male Glossina austeni Mating Performance

Beer

Moyaba

Boikanyo

et al. 2020

Insects

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An area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) strategy with a sterile insect technique (SIT) component has been proposed for the management of African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) in South Africa. In preparation for the SIT, the mating performance of colony reared Glossina austeni males under influencing factors such as radiation dose and the development stage that is exposed to radiation, was assessed under laboratory and semi-field conditions. The radiation sensitivity of G. austeni colonized 37 years ago when treated as adults and late-stage pupae was determined. Radiation doses of 80 Gy and 100 Gy induced 97–99% sterility in colony females that mated with colony males treated as adults or pupae. Males irradiated either as adults or pupae with a radiation dose of 100 Gy showed similar insemination ability and survival as untreated males. Walk-in field cage assessments indicated that a dose of up to 100 Gy did not adversely affect the mating performance of males irradiated as adults or late stage pupae. Males irradiated as adults formed mating pairs faster than fertile males and males irradiated as pupae. The mating performance studies indicated that the colonized G. austeni males irradiated as adults or late stage pupae will still be suited for SIT.

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“…Complete sterility of adult male G. m. morsitans was induced by 25 krad of gamma radiation (Itard, 1970&), but as this drastically reduced the ultimate survival of irradiated males it would be necessary in practice to use lower doses of radiation and to balance the degree of sterility induced with the degree of normality of the treated insects. Rates of sterility induced and survival characteristics of males of various species of Glossina after treatment as puparia or young adults have been reported (Curtis 1968a;Dean & Clements, 1969;Dean & Wortham, 1969;Dean, Wilson & Wortham, 1968 ;Itard, 19706 ;Langley & Abasa, 1970 ;Curtis & Langley, 1972). Recent work on chemosterilants has concentrated on the effects of tepa on puparia and adults (Dame & Ford, 1966) and the subsequent competitiveness of treated insects (Dean, Dame & Birkenmeyer, 1969).…”

Section: The Sterile Insect Release Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in the ecology and methods of control of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) (Dipt., Glossinidae)—a review

Jordan

1974

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The literature published during 1964-72 concerned with the ecology and control of Glossina is reviewed and put into context with previously published information. Thirty species or subspecies of Glossina are recognised. Improved methods of sampling have been developed which catch many more females of the morsitans group than other methods and allow more accurate estimates of population density and structure to be made than has been possible hitherto. New concepts of the activity and behaviour patterns of G. morsitans Westwood have been developed from work carried out both in the field and in the laboratory. Detailed studies on resting sites have been followed by successful control campaigns based on the selective use of insecticides. Most large-scale control campaigns during the period under review were based on applications of insecticides from the ground; other control methods used were aerial applications of insecticides, mechanical clearing of vegetation, selective game destruction and a small-scale project using the sterile insect release method. Techniques for identifying and assessing trypanosome infections in Glossina are described and a Table is given of infection rates in various species of tsetse. Differences in observed infection rates can result according to the time and method of sampling but actual infection rates are affected by a variety of factors including the maintenance temperature of puparia and adults, the age of the fly at the time of the infective feed, the age structure of the tsetse population and the hosts on which it feeds. Genetic differences in infedibility may occur between different individuals of a single species and certainly occur between different species. CONTENTS

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BLOOD MEAL UTILISATION AND FLIGHT MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE TSETSE‐FLY GLOSSINA AUSTEN1, FOLLOWING STERILIZING DOSES OF GAMMA IRRADIATION

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Gamma Irradiation and Male Glossina austeni Mating Performance

Recent developments in the ecology and methods of control of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) (Dipt., Glossinidae)—a review

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