Blood Lipids: A Shortcut From Hostility to Chd?

Donker, Frank J.S.; Breteler, M.H.M.

doi:10.1080/08870440310001627126

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…For male participants only, the present study contradicts results found by Donker and Breteler (2004) who reported a negative relationship for LDL and triglycerides for cardiac patients who hold their anger in. For our participants, AX/in was positively related to triglycerides.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…With respect to manner of anger expression, participants who expressed AX/out had higher levels of both triglycerides and LDL/ VLDL, whereas AX/in was not a significant predictor in our regression analyses. The finding that a positive relationship exists between AX/out and known cardiovascular risk factors replicates earlier research (Donker and Breteler, 2004;Kawachi et al, 1996). Individuals who reported greater AX/out exhibited LDL/VLDL values characteristic of those with risk factors for coronary heart disease (O'Loughlin et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Like the connection between anger expression and blood pressure and heart rate, the direction of the relationship in the literature has also been inconsistent. Donker and Breteler (2004) reported a positive relationship between LDL, triglycerides, and AX/out. In addition, the authors reported a negative relationship between LDL and triglycerides in respect to individuals with high AX/in among cardiac patients.…”

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confidence: 94%

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Gender Differences, Anger Expression, and Cardiovascular Risk

Doster

Purdum²,

Martin³

et al. 2009

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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Research has established the influence of serum cholesterol and anger management style as cardiovascular risk factors. However, mixed and sometimes contradictory results have created uncertainty with respect to contributions of anger. Some incongruities may be accounted for on the basis of gender differences since a number of studies have employed male samples rather than female samples or mixed samples. The present study examined both gender and anger management style in relation to cardiovascular risk. One hundred three (72 men and 31 women) midlevel executives completed questionnaires and a blood draw during a week long, succession training program within a large international organization. Gender, anger expression, and anger expressed outward were significant predictors for levels of high-density lipids, low-density lipids/very low-density lipids, and triglycerides, and cardiovascular risk ratios. Results replicate and extend previous research. Anger held inward and anger control were significant for men but not women, contrary to earlier gender-specific findings.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Gender Differences, Anger Expression, and Cardiovascular Risk

Doster

Purdum²,

Martin³

et al. 2009

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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“…20 Thus, one connection between lung disease and anger may be through the physiological effects of chronic anger. Reported psychophysiological accompaniments of chronic anger include sympathetic arousal, 21 an increased norepinephrine:epinephrine ratio and vasoconstriction, 22 increased serum lipids and low density lipoproteins, 23 decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in response to exposure to influenza virus, 24 and an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory tumour necrosis factor-a following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. 25 No research has yet been reported on the effects of anger on airway or vascular inflammation, but basic research on inflammatory cytokines certainly suggests that anger may increase inflammation.…”

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confidence: 99%