Blood lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations in Morgan horses and Thoroughbreds

Increased inflammation and decreased insulin sensitivity indicate metabolic disturbances in zoo-managed compared to free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

“…Therefore, we assessed non-fasting insulin and glucose as measures of insulin sensitivity, as used in population-based studies of humans (Hancox and Landhuis, 2011) and for routine diagnosis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the horse (Divers, 2008;Treiber et al, 2005). The non-fasting insulin reference interval for free-ranging black rhinos of 1.8-19.4 lU/mL was similar to the 2-15 lU/mL reported for the horse (Nadeau et al, 2006;Pagan et al, 2009). A remarkable 61% of black rhinos in zoos had median insulin concentrations above the level indicative of obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the horse (20 lU/mL; Frank, 2009;Keen, 2013;Suagee et al, 2013).…”

“…A remarkable 61% of black rhinos in zoos had median insulin concentrations above the level indicative of obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the horse (20 lU/mL; Frank, 2009;Keen, 2013;Suagee et al, 2013). By contrast, median glucose concentrations did not differ between rhino populations, and values fell within the interval reported for the healthy domestic horse (Nadeau et al, 2006) and a few (n = 6) zoo-maintained white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum; Berkeley et al, 2011). Only 15% of both wild and captive black rhinos had glucose concentrations exceeding the upper limit of the reference interval for the horse (Keen, 2013), indicating that hyperglycemia is not prevalent in either population.…”

“…SAA is known to stimulate lipolysis, thereby contributing to insulin resistance (Malle and De Beer, 1996;O'Brien and Chait, 2006;Sasaki et al, 2003;Suganami et al, 2005) and is elevated in patients with iron overload (Kirk et al, 2001). We measured insulin and glucose as indicators of insulin sensitivity, while taking advantage of reference metrics in healthy, insulin resistant and equine metabolic syndrome horses (Keen, 2013;Nadeau et al, 2006;Suagee et al, 2013), another Perissodactyla species. Finally, we examined serum inorganic phosphate and serum ferritin, an established marker of iron stores in mammals, including the black rhino (Fernandez-Real et al, 1998;Smith et al, 1984;Tuomainen et al, 1997).…”

The effect of metformin on measurements of insulin sensitivity and β cell response in 18 horses and ponies with insulin resistance

“…However, in accordance with the human literature, all samples in the current study were collected in the morning following an overnight fast in order to eliminate diet and time of day as confounding factors. By contrast, published equine studies have invariably allowed access to hay or pasture prior to sampling presumably for logistical reasons and due to concerns that fasting prior to sampling might contribute to IR either directly or via stress effects (Hoffman et al 2003;Eiler et al 2005;Treiber et al 2005Treiber et al , 2006Frank et al 2006;Nadeau et al 2006;Tiley et al 2007).…”

Parâmetros plasmáticos de equinos alimentados com níveis crescentes de polpa cítrica

“…Nadeau et al (2006) registraram valores de insulina de 2,7-8,2μUI/mL para equinos da raça Morgan e de 2,3-12,0μUI/mL para equinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês. McGowan (2008) citou que valores inferiores a 62μUI/mL são considerados normais quanto à insulinemia.…”