Blood Levels of Homocysteine and Increased Risks of Cardiovascular Disease

Christen, William G.; Ajani, Umed A.; Glynn, Robert J.; Hennekens, Charles H.

doi:10.1001/archinte.160.4.422

Cited by 284 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…6 In light of our observations, it is likely that the increased plasma Hcy levels previously reported in hypertensive persons are concomitant rather than a precursor of hypertension. 55,59 In conclusion, our data do not demonstrate an independent effect of plasma Hcy on BP in Iranian adults. The relationship of Hcy with BP that cosegregates with the effect of BMI (or sex), along with a detectable effect of smoking on Hcy levels, indicates that Iranian adults could benefit from lifestyle changes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Plasma homocysteine concentration and blood pressure in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran Homocysteine Survey (2003–2004)

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Plasma homocysteine concentration and blood pressure in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran Homocysteine Survey (2003–2004)

et al. 2005

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“…There is much controversy concerning the role of plasma total homocysteine as a risk factor for CVD; whether hyperhomocysteinemia is a causal factor or the consequence of the disease (Christen et al, 2000;Knekt et al, 2001a, b). Homocysteine may be a marker of endothelial dysfunction (Woo et al, 1997) and thrombotic events (Ridker et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folate intake, plasma folate and homocysteine status in a random Finnish population

Alfthan

Laurinen²,

Valsta³

et al. 2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To assess the folate status of Finnish adults using plasma folate and homocysteine as biomarkers and to evaluate dietary and supplementary folate intakes. Materials and methods: Plasma folate, vitamin B 12 and total homocysteine (tHcy) were determined in a random sample of 643 subjects aged 25 -74 y living in the Helsinki area. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)-genotypes were analyzed from a subsample (n ¼ 394). Dietary intake data by 24 h recall and use of vitamin supplements were collected. Results: Plasma folate was normal ( ! 5 nmol=l) in 99% of subjects and optimal ( ! 8 nmol=l) in terms of a minimum tHcy in 90%. Mean plasma folate of non-supplement users was 13.7 and 12.9 nmol=l and tHcy 11.3 and 9.2 mmol=l for men and women, respectively. Elevated tHcy ( > 14 mmol=l) was found in 11% of subjects. Homozygote frequency for MTHFR genotype TT was 5.0% and their plasma tHcy was 14.8 mmol=l compared to the mean of the other subjects, 10.5 mmol=l, P < 0.05. The mean dietary folate intake was 241 mg=day (29 mg=MJ of energy) for men and 205 mg=day (33 mg=MJ) for women, respectively. The main dietary sources of folate were vegetables 12%, wholemeal ryebread 11%, fruits 10%, and potato 10%. Regular supplement users (n ¼ 97) received on average 207 mg folic acid per day from supplements. Conclusions: The folate status of Finnish adults seems to be adequate according to energy adjusted folate intake, plasma folate and homocysteine. The MTHFR homozygote frequency was low compared to other countries. Regular use of supplementary folic acid less than 300 mg increased plasma folate, but supplemental folic acid over 300 mg was required to lower tHcy values significantly.

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“…1 In crosssectional studies, higher plasma homocysteine levels are associated with higher levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), 2,3 but it remains unclear as to whether this relationship extends to the development of hypertension. 4,5 Therefore, we used a prospective nested case-control study design to evaluate whether higher plasma homocysteine levels at baseline are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension among men free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline and followed prospectively for 17.5 years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%